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美國首席大法官演講稿

發布時間: 2022-06-21 21:51:51

A. 求一篇美國總統講話的英文稿

First inaugural Address
(Franklin D. Roosevelt)
Mar. 4, 1933.

我們唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身
1933.3.4
富蘭克林羅斯福

Brief introction to the speaker:

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) Roosevelt became president in 1933. The United States was then in the grip of a world-wide business depression. Roosevelt used his powers to create jobs and to help those who needed helps. Many of Roosevelt's ideas of government are still part of the law of the land.

演講者簡介:

羅斯福在1933年成為總統。當時美國正陷於世界性的經濟危機之中。羅斯福以他的能力為人民創造就業機會並帶去援助。羅斯福的許事施政觀點至今仍是美國治國方針的一部分。

This is a day of national consecration, and I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my inction in the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impeIs. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly Nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today This great nation will enre as it has enred, will revive and will prosper So first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself - nameless, unreasoning, un justified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

胡佛總統,首席法官先生,朋友們:

今天,對我們的國家來說,是一個神聖的日子。我肯定,同胞們都期待我在就任總統時,會像我國目前形勢所要求的那樣,坦率而果斷地向他們講話。現在正是坦白、勇敢地說出實話,說出全部實話的最好時刻。我們不必畏首畏尾,不老老實實面對我國今天的情況。這個偉大的國家會一如既往地堅持下去,它會復興和繁榮起來。因此,讓我首先表明我的堅定信念:我們唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身--一種莫名其妙、喪失理智的、毫無根據的恐懼,它把人轉退為進所需的種種努力化為泡影。凡在我國生活陰雲密布的時刻,坦率而有活力的領導都得到過人民的理解和支持,從而為勝利准備了必不可少的條件。我相信,在目前危急時刻,大家會再次給予同樣的支持。

In such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen, our ability to pay has fallen, government of all kinds is faced by serious curtaiIment of income, the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of instrial enterprise lie on every side, farmers find no markets for their proce, and the savings of many years and thousands of families are gone.

我和你們都要以這種精神,來面對我們共同的困難。感謝上帝,這些困難只是物質方面的。價值難以想像地貶縮了;課稅增加了;我們的支付能力下降了;各級政府面臨著嚴重的收入短缺;交換手段在貿易過程中遭到了凍結;工業企業枯萎的落葉到處可見;農場主的產品找不到銷路;千家萬戶多年的積蓄付之東流。

More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equal and great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

更重要的是,大批失業公民正面臨嚴峻的生存問題,還有大批公民正以艱辛的勞動換取微薄的報酬。只有愚蠢的樂天派會否認當前這些陰暗的現實。

And yet, our distress comes from no failure of substance, we are stricken by no plagUe of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and
were not afraid, we have so much to be thankful for Nature surrounds us with her bounty and human, efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply Primarily this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

但是,我們的苦惱決不是因為缺乏物資。我們沒有遭到什麼蝗蟲的災害。我們的先輩曾以信念和無畏一次次轉危為安,比起他們經歷過的險阻,我們仍大可感到欣慰。大自然仍在給予我們恩惠,人類的努力已使之倍增。富足的情景近在咫尺,但就在我們見到這種 情景的時候,寬裕的生活卻悄然離去。這主要是因為主宰人類物資交換的統治者們失敗了,他們固執己見而又無能為力,因而已經認定失敗了,並撒手不管了。貪得無厭的貨幣兌換商的種種行徑。將受到輿論法庭的起訴,將受到人類心靈理智的唾棄。

True, they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the patten of an outworn tradition. Faced by a failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money Stripped of the lure of profit by which they ince our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortation, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision, the people perish.

是的,他們是努力過,然而他們用的是一種完全過時的方法。面對信貸的失敗,他們只是提議借出更多的錢。沒有了當誘餌引誘 人民追隨他們的錯誤領導的金錢,他們只得求助於講道,含淚祈求人民重新給予他們信心。他們只知自我追求者們的處世規則。他們沒有眼光,而沒有眼光的人是要滅亡的。

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civiIization. We may now restore that temp1e to the ancient truths. A measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social value, more noble than mere monetary profits.

如今,貨幣兌換商已從我們文明廟宇的高處落荒而逃。我們要以千古不變的真理來重建這座廟宇。衡量這重建的尺度是我們體現比金錢利益更高尚的社會價值的程度。

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative efforts, the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us, if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered on to, but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.

幸福並不在於單純地佔有金錢;幸福還在於取得成就後的喜悅,在於創造努力時的激情。務必不能再忘記勞動帶來的喜悅和激勵,而去瘋狂地追逐那轉瞬即逝的利潤。如果這些暗淡的時日能使我們認識到,我們真正的天命不是要別人侍奉,而是為自己和同胞們服務,那麼,我們付出的代價就完全是值得的。

Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of a false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profits, and there must be an end to our conct in banking and in business, which too of ten has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrong-doing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty on honon on the sacredness of our obligation, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance. Without them it cannot live.

認識到把物質財富當作成功的標準是錯誤的,我們就會拋棄以地位尊嚴和個人收益為唯一標准,來衡量公職和高級政治地位的錯誤信念;我們必須制止銀行界和企業界的一種行為,它常常使神聖的委託混同於無情和自私的不正當行為。難怪信心在減弱,信心,只有靠誠實、信譽、忠心維護和無私履行職責。而沒有這些,就不可能有信心。

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This nation is asking for action, and action now.

但是,復興不僅僅只要改變倫理觀念。這個國家要求行動起來,現在就行動起來。

Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we take it wise1y and courageously It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.

我們最大、最基本的任務是讓人民投入工作。只要我信行之以智慧和勇氣,這個問題就可以解決。這可以部分由政府直接徵募完成,就象對待臨戰的緊要關頭一樣,但同時,在有了人手的情況下,我們還急需能刺激並重組巨大自然資源的工程。

Hand in hand with that, we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our instrial centers and by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution in an effort to provide better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.

我們齊心協力,但必須坦白地承認工業中心的人口失衡,我們必須在全國范圍內重新分配,使土地在最適合的人手中發表揮更大作用。

Yes the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the value of the agricultural proct and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing losses through fore closures of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local government act forthwith on the demands that their costs be drastically rece. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are of ten scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for, and supervision of all forms of transportation, and of communications, and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by mere1y talking about it. We must act, we must act quickly.

明確地為提高農產品價值並以此購買城市產品所做的努力,會有助於任務的完成。避免許多小家庭業、農場業被取消贖取抵押品的權利的悲劇也有助於任務的完成。聯邦、州、各地政府立即行動回應要求降價的呼聲,有助於任務的完成。將現在常常是分散不經濟、不平等的救濟活動統一起來有助於任務的完成。對所有公共交通運輸,通訊及其他涉及公眾生活的設施作全國性的計劃及監督有助於任務的完成。許多事情都有助於任務完成,但這些決不包括空談。我們必須行動,立即行動。

And finally in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against the return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people-s money; and there must be provisions for an adequate but sound currency.

最後,為了重新開始工作,我們需要兩手防禦,來抗禦舊秩序惡魔卷土從來;一定要有嚴格監督銀行業、信貸及投資的機制:一定要杜絕投機;一定要有充足而健康的貨幣供應。

These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new Congress in special session, detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 states.

以上這些,朋友們,就是施政方針。我要在特別會議上敦促新國會給予詳細實施方案,並且,我要向48個州請求立即的援助。

Through this program of action, we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order, and making income balance outflow Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and necessity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy I favor as a practical policy the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment, but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.

通過行動,我們將予以我們自己一個有秩序的國家大廈,使收入大於支出。我們的國際貿易,雖然很重要,但現在在時間和必要性上,次於對本國健康經濟的建立。我建議,作為可行的策略、首要事務先行。雖然我將不遺餘力通過國際經濟重新協調所來恢復國際貿易,但我認為國內的緊急情況無法等待這重新協調的完成。

The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration upon the inter-dependence of the various elements in all parts of the United States of America - a recognition of the old and the permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery it is the immediate way it is the strongest assurance that recovery will enre.

指導這一特別的全國性復甦的基本思想並非狹隘的國家主義。我首先考慮的是堅持美國這一整體中各部分的相互依賴性--這是對美國式的開拓精神的古老而永恆的證明的體現。這才是復甦之路,是即時之路,是保證復甦功效持久之路。

In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor. The neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and because he does so, respects the rights of
others. The neighbor who respects his ob1igation, and respects the sanctity of his agreement, in and with, a world of neighbor.

在國際政策方面,我將使美國採取睦鄰友好的政策。做一個決心自重,因此而尊重鄰國的國家。做一個履行義務,尊重與他國協約的國家。

If I read the temper of our people correctly we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well. That if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discip1ine, no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective. We are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes possible a 1eadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offet we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation with a unity of ty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

如果我對人民的心情的了解正確的話,我想我們已認識到了我們從未認識的問題,我們是互相依存的,我們不可以只索取,我們還必須奉獻。我們前進時,必須象一支訓練有素的忠誠的軍隊,願意為共同的原則而獻身,因為,沒有這些原則,就無法取得進步,領導就不可能得力。我們都已做好准備,並願意為此原則獻出生命和財產,因為這將使志在建設更美好社會的領導成為可能。我倡議,為了更偉大的目標,我們所有的人,以一致的職責緊緊團結起來。這是神聖的義務,非戰亂,不停止。

With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly, the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems. Action in this image, action to this end, is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from my ancestors. Our constitution is so simple, so practical, that it is possible always, to meet extraordinary needs, by changes in emphasis and arrangements without loss of a central form, that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen. It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.

有了這樣的誓言,我將毫不猶豫地承擔領導偉大人民大軍的任務,致力於對我們普遍問題的強攻。這樣的行動,這樣的目標,在我們從祖先手中接過的政府中是可行的。我們的憲法如此簡單,實在。它隨時可以應付特殊情況,只需對重點和安排加以修改而不喪失中心思想,正因為如此,我們的憲法體制已自證為是最有適應性的政治體制。它已應付過巨大的國土擴張、外戰、內亂及國際關系所帶來的壓力。

And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority wi1l be fully equal, fully adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for underlay action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procere.

而我們還希望行使法律的人士做到充分的平等,能充分地擔負前所未有的任務。但現在前所未有的對緊急行動的需要要求國民暫時丟棄平常生活節奏,緊迫起來。

We face the arous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity in the clearest consciousness of seeking all and precious moral values, with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of ty by old and young alike, we aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.

讓我們正視面前的嚴峻歲月,懷著舉國一致給我們帶來的熱情和勇氣,懷著尋求傳統的、珍貴的道德觀念的明確意識,懷著老老少少都能通過克盡職守而得到的問心無愧的滿足。我們的目標是要保證國民生活的圓滿和長治久安。

We do not distrust the future of essential democracy The people of the United States have not failed. In their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline, and direction under leadership, they have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift, I take it.

我們並不懷疑基本民主制度的未來。合眾國人民並沒有失敗。他們在困難中表達了自己的委託,即要求採取直接而有力的行動。他們要求有領導的紀律和方向。他們現在選擇了我作為實現他們的願望的工具。我接受這份厚贈。

In this dedication, in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the b1essings of God, may He protect each and every one of us, may He guide me in the days to come.

在此舉國奉獻之際,我們謙卑地請求上帝賜福。願上帝保信我們大家和每一個人,願上帝在未來的日子裡指引我。

B. 特朗普今走馬上任會做什麼

特朗普今走馬上任,美國正式迎來「特朗普時代」。2016年11月9日,原本不被看好的地產商人特朗普成功逆襲,成為美國第45任總統。今天,白宮將迎來新主人,「特朗普時代」的大幕正式拉開,然而對於特朗普而言,未來的路並不好走,因為接下來要面對的,是一個矛盾空前尖銳的美國。

C. 競選美國總統演講

2016年9月28日,美國總統超級大熱門候選人——特朗普,發表了競選演說。而這份演說不僅震驚了美國人,也震驚了中國人。因為特朗普演說下的美國,竟然是一個令大多數中國人感到陌生的美國,充滿了腐敗、貧富差距、權錢交易、數千萬美國被貧困和疾病困擾,醫療昂貴且充滿了何種苛捐雜稅,以及嚴苛的審核制度。讓我們一同來感受一下特朗普當時的競選演說:
女士們,先生們:
今天在這里,在我們的黨代會,不會有任何謊言。我們將用真相為美國人民送上敬意,而不是別的什麼東西。這些事實如下:
數十年打擊犯罪的成就如今正在本屆政府領導下遭遇倒退。在美國最大的50座城市裡,去年謀殺率上升了17%。這是25年來的最大增幅。在我們的首都,謀殺案甚至增加了50%;在其附近的巴爾的摩,這一數字更是上升了60%。
在奧巴馬總統的家鄉芝加哥;僅在今年,就有超過2000人死於槍擊;而自他擔任總統以來,這座城市更是有超過3600人死於非命。與去年同期相比,死於執法過程中的警員數量也差不多增加了50%。接近18萬有案底的非法移民,本應從我們驅逐出境,如今卻可以到處游盪,並威脅和平市民的安全。
那麼,我們美國的經濟情況又如何呢:再一次,我將向你們透露平實的事實,這些事實未經午夜新聞與各種晨報的矯飾:
10個黑人兒童當中就有4個生活在貧困中;與此同時,黑人的整體失業率高達58%。
奧巴馬執政後,拉丁裔的貧困人群增加了2百萬人;更有高達1400萬人徹底丟掉了工作。
自2000年起,家庭收入更是猛降了4000美元。我們製造業的貿易赤字更是達到了新高——差不多每年有8000億美元。財政情況也好不到哪裡去。
奧巴馬讓我國的國債猛增了兩倍,超過了19萬億美元,並且還在繼續增長。但是,我們對此又做了些什麼?我們的道路和大橋正在不斷解體,我們的機場就彷彿第三世界國家一樣,另有4300萬美國人處在食物短缺狀態。
我們再看看國外的情況:我們的公民不僅忍受著國內的災難,而且還不斷地在國際上遭到羞辱。我們都曾經記得,我們的水兵被迫在伊朗人槍口下下跪的情景。而這一幕恰好就發生在與伊朗簽署和解協議的不久前。這份和解協議向伊朗返還了1500億美元,卻沒有給予我們一分錢——時間將證明,這份協議將成為史上最糟。
另一項恥辱便是,奧巴馬曾為敘利亞局勢設置紅線,但沒有人把他當回事。在利比亞,我們的大使館——作為美國全球地位的象徵——卻毀於熊熊烈火之中。就在奧巴馬任命希拉里擔任國務卿後,美國變得更加不安全了,而世界變得更加不穩定。
伊朗也正處在掌握核武器的道路上。敘利亞被捲入了內戰與難民危機之中,而這場難民危機更是威脅到了西方國家。在中東地區長達15年的戰亂後,在花費了億萬美元與成千上萬生命隕落之後,局勢卻比以往更加糟糕。這就是希拉里•柯林頓的政治遺產:死亡、毀滅與軟弱。
在我們對手的競選活動幕後,大企業、精英媒體和大贊助商正在排著長隊——這種情況必須改變。每天早晨當我醒來的時候,都成千上萬的人遭到忽視與拋棄,我感到需要愈發堅定地我在全國遇到的這些站出來說話。我拜訪過廢棄工廠的員工以及受到不公貿易協定打擊的那些社區。他們就是被我們國家所遺忘的那群人。他們就是努力工作卻無法發出聲音的那群人。我就是你們的聲音!
有一些政客把個人得失置於國家利益之上,有些母親因此失去了自己的孩子,我曾經擁抱過這些痛哭流涕的母親。我不能容忍不公,不能容忍政府的無能,無法同情那些辜負人們的領導人。因缺乏意願或勇氣,我們的政治體制無法堅定執法——甚至更糟的是,政治體制被大企業說客所收買,但無辜的人卻因此而受罪。每當這樣的時候,我都不能無視這樣的事情。
當美國的一位前國務卿非法在私人伺服器上儲存其郵件,並刪除了33000條記錄以避免遭查處的時候,她正在讓我們的國家陷入風險,而且還千方百計地抵賴和撒謊。我就知道,腐敗已經到達了何種觸目驚心的程度。
當聯邦調查局局長聲稱,國務卿只不過是在處理機密文件這件事上「特別得不小心」。我也就知道了,她實際的所作所為與上述措辭相比不過只是冰山一角。這些言論不過是為了讓她得以在嚴厲的刑罰面前脫罪。
事實上,她最大的一項成就莫過於犯下了這樣重大的罪責後卻得以成功逃脫——特別是在其中,有許多其他人付出慘重代價後。同樣是這位國務卿,當她把億萬美元用於討好特殊利益集團與國外勢力的時候,我就知道,該是行動的時候了。
本屆政府搞爛了美國的大城市、搞爛了教育,工作一團糟,簡直就是在犯罪。無論從哪一個層面上說,他們都失敗得徹徹底底。
當我成為總統,一定會保證所有的孩子被平等對待、被平等保護。每一次行動,我必反躬自省,它能夠給巴爾的摩、芝加哥、底特律、弗格森的年輕人帶來更好的生活嗎?這些大城市的孩子和其他的美國孩子一樣,都有平等的實現夢想的權利。要讓美國更安全,我們必須解決日益嚴峻的外部威脅——挫敗ISIS的野蠻人。再看看法國吧,那是殘忍的穆斯林恐怖主義的受害者。
一周以前,在佛羅里達的奧蘭多,49名出色的美國人被伊斯蘭恐怖分子殘忍地謀殺。這一次,恐怖分子瞄準的是LGBT社區(注同性戀社區)。我們必須有最好的情報,去聯合整個世界共同行動。我們必須放棄希拉里在伊拉克、利比亞、埃及和敘利亞推行的那些業已失敗的政治制度改革。我們必須同盟友共同努力,只要我們的盟友和我們有共同的目標:摧毀ISIS、踩滅伊斯蘭恐怖行動。我們要同以色列合作,它是我們在該地區最好的盟友。
過去數十年的移民已經造成了本國國民的低薪與高失業率,尤其是非裔美國人和拉美裔工人。我們將有一個移民系統,一個為美國人服務的移民系統。周一,我們聽過三位家長瑪麗•安•門多薩(Mary Ann Mendoza)、薩賓•德登(Sabine Durden)和傑米爾•肖(Jamiel Shaw)的傾訴,他們的孩子被非法移民殺害。幾位家長僅僅是萬千受害者中三個勇敢的代表。當我的團隊在全國游歷,沒有一件事情能對我產生更深的影響,只有那些我同失去孩子的父母們共同度過的時間。他們失去了孩子,因為在我們國土上肆虐的暴力。
這些家庭沒有迫切地提出抗議,沒有遊行示威去保護他們的利益。因此,我的競爭對手將永遠不會遇到他們,不會去分擔他們的痛苦。相反,她更想去那些提供避難所的城市。然而,哪裡是凱特•施泰因勒(Kate Steinle)的避難所?哪裡是瑪麗安,薩賓和傑米爾孩子們的避難所?哪裡有避難所去保護那些被殘忍殺害、忍受驚恐折磨的美國人?
這些受傷的美國家庭是孤獨的。但是,他們將不再孤獨。今晚,總統候選人和整個國家站在他們身後,支持他們,去傳遞他們的愛,以他們的榮譽起誓,我們將拯救更多的、無數的家庭,免遭同樣可怕的命運。我們將建起巨大的邊境牆,去阻擋非法移民,去阻擋黑幫與暴力,去阻擋毒品湧入我們的社區。我很榮幸,得到了美國邊境巡邏隊的支持,將與他們展開直接合作,共同保護我國合法移民體系的完整性。
今晚,我希望每一個需要移民安全但被拒絕,以及那些拒絕他們的政客,去仔細傾聽我說的每一個字。2017年1月21日,在我宣誓就職的第二天,美國人將在一個本國法律被強制執行的國家醒來。我們將體諒和同情每個人。但是,我的同情僅付與我們自己的、努力奮斗的國民。我的計劃同希拉里那些激進又危險的移民政策完全相反。美國人渴望從失控的移民中解脫,社區渴望著解脫。
我已經做了百億美元的生意,現在我要讓我們的國家更富裕,我要使糟糕的貿易協定變成了不起的。由於比爾•柯林頓和希拉里•柯林頓支持的災難性的貿易協定,自從1997年,美國已經丟失了近三分之一的製造業崗位。記住,是比爾•柯林頓簽署了北美自由貿易協定,這個我們國家史上最糟糕的經濟交易。決不能重演了!
我要把我們的工作帶回俄亥俄、帶回美國,我不會再讓公司搬到其他國家,在這過程中不計後果地解僱員工。而另一方面,我的對手支持幾乎每個摧毀我們的中產階級的貿易協定。她支持北美自由貿易協定,支持中國加入WTO——這是她丈夫的另一個巨大錯誤。
她支持與韓國之間造成失業的貿易協定。她支持泛太平洋夥伴關系協定(TPP)。TPP不僅會摧毀我們的製造業,還會使美國服從於外國政府的裁決。我承諾永遠不會簽署任何會傷害我們的工人,或減少我們的自由和獨立的貿易協定。我會代之以與個別國家達成私下的交易。我們不會再進行這些同許多國家的巨大交易,不會再有這些成千上萬頁沒人閱讀和理解的文件。我們將對所有違反貿易的行為強制處理,通過使用稅收和關稅,反對任何國家的欺騙。
這包括阻止中國無恥地竊取知識產權(編者話:中國老祖宗的四大發明你們用了幾百年,給過我們一點報酬嗎?美國博物館里那麼多中國的文物,是美國做強盜掠奪我們的,特朗普還有臉歪曲我們大中國?!),連同他們的非法產品傾銷和毀滅性的匯率操縱。我們和中國與其他國家這些可怕的貿易協定,都將徹底重新談判,包括重新談判一個對美國有利得多的北美自由貿易協定——要是我們得不到我們想要的,我們就離開談判桌。我們要把一切都推倒重來(編者話:特朗普包括美國的政客們,看到中國的亞投行、一帶一路,心裡很不是滋味吧!風水輪流轉,該我們大中國復興了!)。
接下來的改革是我們的稅收法律、法規和能源規則。希拉里計劃大規模增稅,而我提出了今年所有參選的候選人之中——無論民主黨或共和黨——最大的減稅計劃。中等收入的美國人將得到深厚的救濟,稅收也將對每個人簡化(編者話:美國已經19萬億的外債,再救濟只能繼續掠奪世界的財富,繼續借外債。等到美國外債多得入不敷出了,就會像希臘面臨的窘境——整個國家將破產)。
美國是世界上稅率最高的國家之一。減稅會導致新的公司和新的就業機會卷土重來。然後我們要處理監管問題,這是最大的就業殺手之一。過度監管每年花費了我們國家相當於2萬億美元,我們要終結它。我們要解除美國能源生產的限制,這在未來40年內,將產生超過20萬億美元的經濟活動創造就業。
而另一方面,我的對手想讓我們國家的礦業公司和鋼鐵工人失去工作——這是我當總統決不會發生的。在這些新經濟政策下,數萬億美元將開始流入我們國家。這筆新財富將改善所有美國人的生活質量——我們將構建明天的公路、高速公路、橋梁、隧道、機場、鐵路。反過來,這將創造數以百萬計的就業機會。我們將拯救失敗學校的孩子們,幫助他們的父母送他們到一個可以選擇的安全學校。
比起為美國兒童服務,我的對手寧願保護教育官僚。我們將廢除並且取代奧巴馬災難性的醫改,你將能重新自己選擇你的醫生。我們將搞定機場的運輸安全局(註:TSA的機場安檢造成超長排隊,效率極低),我們將完全重建廢棄的軍事,那些我們付出巨大代價保護的國家,將被要求支付他們公平的分攤費。
我們將照顧我們偉大的退伍軍人,以他們從來沒有得到過的優厚方式。我的對手在還沒有廣泛傳播時駁斥了弗吉尼亞州丑聞,這是她多麼不了解的又一個跡象。我們想要問每一個政府部門主管提供一個浪費性支出項目的清單,在我就任的前100天我將消除它們。許多政治家已經談論了這一點,我要完成這件事。我們還將任命將堅持我們的法律和憲法的美國最高法院大法官。
在我最小的年紀,因為他,我學會了尊重工作的尊嚴和勞動人民的尊嚴。他是一個都是磚瓦匠、木工和電工的公司里最舒心的人,我也記住了他們中的很多人。還有我的母親,瑪麗,她堅強,但也溫暖和公正。她是一個真正偉大的母親,她也是一個我所知道最誠實的和慈善的人,一個偉大法官的品質。我姐姐瑪麗安妮和伊麗莎白,我弟弟羅伯特和我已故的哥哥弗雷德,我將永遠給你們我的愛,你們對我是最特殊的,我愛我的生活。
但是現在,我唯一和排他的使命是為我們的國家去工作,去為你們工作。是時候實現美國人民的勝利。但要做到這點,我們必須擺脫過去的狹隘政治。美國竟是這樣的一個國家:信徒、夢想家、奮斗者卻被一群審查官、評論家和憤世嫉俗的人領導。
記住:所有那些告訴你們,你們不能擁有你們理想國家的那些人,就是那些告訴你們我今晚就不會站在這里的傢伙。我們不能再依賴這些精英媒體和政治,他們為了操縱輿論會說任何東西。相反,我們必須選擇相信美國。歷史正在看著我們!
這是在等著看,我們是否會崛起,我們是否會向全世界展示美國仍然是自由、獨立和強大的。我的對手要她的支持者背誦一個三字忠誠誓言。念作:「我站在她這邊」(I』m With Her)。我選擇背誦另一個承諾。我的誓言念作:「我站在你們這邊——美國人民!我是你們的聲音!
對每一個為他們的孩子夢想的父母,對每一個夢想他們的未來的孩子,我今晚要和你們說:我與你們,我會為你們戰斗,我會為你們贏得勝利。今晚,對所有的美國人,在我們所有的城市和鄉鎮,我做出這個誓言:我們將讓美國再次強大!我們將讓美國再次驕傲!我們將讓美國再次安全!我們將讓美國再次偉大!

D. 求今年那個美國最高法院大法官在卡迪根中學的畢業典禮上的演講英文原文,我不介意沒有翻譯

你好,很高興為您解答:
中英文翻譯
"通常,畢業典禮的演講嘉賓都會祝你們好運並送上祝福。
但我不會這樣做
讓我來告訴你為什麼。」
Now the commencement speakers will typically also wish you good luck and extend good wishes to you. I will not do that, and I』ll tell you why.
「在未來的很多年中,
我希望你被不公正地對待過,
唯有如此
你才真正懂得公正的價值。」
From time to time in the years to come, I hope you will be treated unfairly, so that you will come to know the value of justice.
「我希望你遭受背叛,
唯有如此
你才領悟到忠誠之重要。」
I hope that you will suffer betrayal because that will teach you the importance of loyalty.
「抱歉的說,
我會祝福你時常感到孤獨,
唯有如此
你才不會把良朋益友視為人生中的理所當然。"
Sorry to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time so that you don』t take friends for granted.
「我祝福你人生旅途中時常運氣不佳,
唯有如此
你才意識到概率和機遇在人生中扮演的角色,
進而理解你的成功並不完全是命中註定,
而別人的失敗也不是天經地義。"
I wish you bad luck, again, from time to time so that you will be conscious of the role of chance in life and understand that your success is not completely deserved and that the failure of others is not completely deserved either.
「當你失敗的時候,
時不時地,
我希望你的對手會因為你的失敗而幸災樂禍,
唯有如此
才能讓你意識到有風度的競爭精神之重要。」
And when you lose, as you will from time to time, I hope every now and then, your opponent will gloat over your failure. It is a way for you to understand the importance of sportsmanship.
「我祝福你會被忽視,
唯有如此
你才會意識到傾聽他人的重要性。」
I hope you』ll be ignored so you know the importance of listening to others,
「我祝福你遭受切膚之痛,
唯有如此
才能讓你感同身受,從而對別人有同情的理解。」
and I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.
「無論我怎麼想,
這些都將在生命中必然發生。
而你能否從中獲益,
取決於你是否能從你的不幸中領悟到想要傳遞給你的信息。」
Whether I wish these things or not, they』re going to happen.And whether you benefit from them or not will depend upon your ability to see the message in your misfortunes.

E. 奧巴馬2013年就職演說的題目是什麼

就職演講:重申美國建國精神 強調人人平等
MR. OBAMA: Thank you. Thank you so much. Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:
謝謝,非常感謝大家。拜登副總統、首席大法官先生、國會議員們、尊敬的各位嘉賓、親愛的公民們。

Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:
每一次我們集會慶祝總統就職都是在見證美國憲法的持久力量。我們都是在肯定美國民主的承諾。我們重申,將這個國家緊密聯系在一起的不是我們的膚色,也不是 我們信仰的教條,更不是我們名字的來源。讓我們與眾不同,讓我們成為美國人的是我們對於一種理念的恪守。200多年前,這一理念在一篇宣言中被清晰闡述:

「We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.」
「我們認為下述真理是不言而喻的,人人生而平等。造物主賦予他們若干不可剝奪的權利,包括生存、自由和追求幸福的權利。」

Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time. For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth. The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.
今天,我們繼續著這一未竟的征程,架起這些理念與我們時代現實之間的橋梁。因為歷史告訴我們,即便這些真理是不言而喻的,它們也從來不會自動生效。因為雖 然自由是上帝賦予的禮物,但仍需要世間的子民去捍衛。1776年,美國的愛國先驅們不是只為了推翻國王的暴政而戰,也不是為贏得少數人的特權,建立暴民的 統治。先驅們留給我們一個共和國,一個民有、民治、民享的政府。他們委託每一代美國人捍衛我們的建國信條。

For more than two hundred years, we have.
在過去的200多年裡,我們做到了。

Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together.
從奴役的血腥枷鎖和刀劍的血光廝殺中我們懂得了,建立在自由與平等原則之上的聯邦不能永遠維持半奴隸和半自由的狀態。我們贏得了新生,誓言共同前進。

Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers。
我們共同努力,建立起現代的經濟體系。架設鐵路與高速公路,加速了旅行和商業交流。建立學校與大學,培訓我們的工人。

Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play.
我們一起發現,自由市場的繁榮只能建立在保障競爭與公平競爭的原則之上。

Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life』s worst hazards and misfortune.
我們共同決定讓這個偉大的國家遠離危險,保護她的人民不受生命威脅和不幸的侵擾。

Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society』s ills can be cured through government alone. Our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.
一路走來,我們從未放棄對集權的質疑。我們同樣不屈服於這一謊言:一切的社會弊端都能夠只靠政府來解決。我們對積極向上與奮發進取的贊揚,我們對努力工作與個人責任的堅持,這些都是美國精神的基本要義。

But we have always understood that when times change, so must we; that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges; that preserving our indivial freedoms ultimately requires collective action. For the American people can no more meet the demands of today』s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias. No single person can train all the math and science teachers we』ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores. Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people.
我們也理解,時代在變化,我們同樣需要變革。對建國精神的忠誠,需要我們肩負起新的責任,迎接新的挑戰。保護我們的個人自由,最終需要所有人的共同努力。 因為美國人不能再獨力迎接當今世界的挑戰,正如美國士兵們不能再像先輩一樣,用步槍和民兵同敵人(法西斯主義與共產主義)作戰。一個人無法培訓所有的數學 與科學老師,我們需要他們為了未來去教育孩子們。一個人無法建設道路、鋪設網路、建立實驗室來為國內帶來新的工作崗位和商業機會。現在,與以往任何時候相比,我們都更需要團結合作。作為一個國家,一個民族團結起來。

This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience. A decade of war is now ending. An economic recovery has begun. America』s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive; diversity and openness; an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention. My fellow Americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together.
這一代美國人經歷了危機的考驗,經濟危機堅定了我們的決心,證明了我們的恢復力。長達十年的戰爭正在結束,經濟的復甦已經開始。美國的可能性是無限的,因 為我們擁有當今沒有邊界的世界所需要的所有品質:年輕與活力、多樣性與開放、無窮的冒險精神以及創造的天賦才能。我親愛的同胞們,我們正是為此刻而生,我 們更要在此刻團結一致,抓住當下的機會。

For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. We believe that America』s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class. We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work; when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship. We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own.
因為我們,美國人民,清楚如果只有不斷萎縮的少數人群體獲得成功,而大多數人不能成功,我們的國家就無法成功。我們相信,美國的繁榮必須建立在不斷上升的 中產階級的寬闊臂膀之上,我們知道美國的繁榮只有這樣才能實現。只有當每個人都能找到工作中的自立與自豪時才能實現。只有當誠實勞動獲得的薪水足夠讓家庭 擺脫困苦的懸崖時才能實現。我們忠誠於我們的事業,保證讓一個出生於最貧窮環境中的小女孩都能知道,她有同其他所有人一樣的成功機會。因為她是一個美國人,她是自由的、平等的。她的自由平等不僅由上帝來見證,更由我們親手保護。

We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time. We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher. But while the means will change, our purpose enres: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American. That is what this moment requires. That is what will give real meaning to our creed.
我們知道,我們已然陳舊的程序不足以滿足時代的需要。我們必須應用新理念和新技術重塑我們的政府,改進我們的稅法,改革我們的學校,讓我們的公民擁有他們 所需要的技能,更加努力地工作,學更多的知識,向更高處發展。這意味著變革,我們的目標是:國家可以獎勵每個美國人的努力和果斷。這是現在需要的。這將給我們的信條賦予真正的意義。

We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity. We must make the hard choices to rece the cost of health care and the size of our deficit. But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future. For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn. We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few. We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm. The commitments we make to each other – through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security – these things do not sap our initiative; they strengthen us. They do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great.
我們,人民,仍然認為,每個公民都應當獲得基本的安全和尊嚴。我們必須做出艱難抉擇,降低醫療成本,縮減赤字規模。但我們拒絕在照顧建設國家的這一代和投 資即將建設國家的下一代間做出選擇。因為我們記得過去的教訓:老年人的夕陽時光在貧困中度過,家有殘障兒童的父母無處求助。我們相信,在這個國家,自由不 只是那些幸運兒的專屬,或者說幸福只屬於少數人。我們知道,不管我們怎樣負責任地生活,我們任何人在任何時候都可能面臨失業、突發疾病或住房被可怕的颶風 摧毀的風險。我們通過醫療保險、聯邦醫療補助計劃、社會保障項目向每個人做出承諾,這些不會讓我們的創造力衰竭,而是會讓我們更強大。這些不會讓我們成為充滿不勞而獲者的國度,這些讓我們敢於承擔風險,讓國家偉大。

F. 哪裡有肯尼迪,羅斯福的演講稿

我們唯一恐懼的就是恐懼本身
1933.3.4
富蘭克林·羅斯福

(Franklin D. Roosevelt)
Mar. 4, 1933.

President Hoover Mister Chief Justice, my friends:

This is a day of national consecration, and I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my inction in the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impeIs. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly Nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today This great nation will enre as it has enred, will revive and will prosper So first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself - nameless, unreasoning, un justified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

In such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen, our ability to pay has fallen, government of all kinds is faced by serious curtaiIment of income, the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of instrial enterprise lie on every side, farmers find no markets for their proce, and the savings of many years and thousands of families are gone.

More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equal and great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

And yet, our distress comes from no failure of substance, we are stricken by no plagUe of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and
were not afraid, we have so much to be thankful for Nature surrounds us with her bounty and human, efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply Primarily this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

True, they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the patten of an outworn tradition. Faced by a failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money Stripped of the lure of profit by which they ince our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortation, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision, the people perish.

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civiIization. We may now restore that temp1e to the ancient truths. A measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social value, more noble than mere monetary profits.

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative efforts, the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us, if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered on to, but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.

Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of a false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profits, and there must be an end to our conct in banking and in business, which too of ten has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrong-doing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty on honon on the sacredness of our obligation, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance. Without them it cannot live.

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This nation is asking for action, and action now.

Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we take it wise1y and courageously It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.

Hand in hand with that, we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our instrial centers and by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution in an effort to provide better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.

Yes the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the value of the agricultural proct and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing losses through fore closures of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local government act forthwith on the demands that their costs be drastically rece. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are of ten scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for, and supervision of all forms of transportation, and of communications, and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by mere1y talking about it. We must act, we must act quickly.

And finally in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against the return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people-s money; and there must be provisions for an adequate but sound currency.

These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new Congress in special session, detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 states.

Through this program of action, we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order, and making income balance outflow Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and necessity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy I favor as a practical policy the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment, but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.

The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration upon the inter-dependence of the various elements in all parts of the United States of America - a recognition of the old and the permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery it is the immediate way it is the strongest assurance that recovery will enre.

In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor. The neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and because he does so, respects the rights of
others. The neighbor who respects his ob1igation, and respects the sanctity of his agreement, in and with, a world of neighbor.

If I read the temper of our people correctly we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well. That if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discip1ine, no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective. We are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes possible a 1eadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offet we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation with a unity of ty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly, the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems. Action in this image, action to this end, is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from my ancestors. Our constitution is so simple, so practical, that it is possible always, to meet extraordinary needs, by changes in emphasis and arrangements without loss of a central form, that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen. It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.

And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority wi1l be fully equal, fully adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for underlay action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procere.

We face the arous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity in the clearest consciousness of seeking all and precious moral values, with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of ty by old and young alike, we aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.

We do not distrust the future of essential democracy The people of the United States have not failed. In their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline, and direction under leadership, they have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift, I take it.

In this dedication, in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the b1essings of God, may He protect each and every one of us, may He guide me in the days to come.

We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom. Symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning, signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you, and almighty God, the same solemn oath our forbears prescribed [3] nearly a century and three quarters ago.
The world is very different now, for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty, and all forms of human life. And yet, the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forbears fought are still at issue [4] around the globe. The belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.
We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth [5], from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness, or permit, the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today, at home and around the world.
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well of ill, that we shall pay

any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and success of liberty. This much we pledge and more.
To those old allies, whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do, in a host of [6] cooperative ventures [7]. Divided there is little we can do. For we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split us asunder.
To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our words that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view, but we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe, struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
To our sister republics [8] south of our border, we offer a special pledge, to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress to assist free men and free governments in casting off [9] the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.

就職演講
--約翰·肯尼迪
今天我們慶祝的不是政黨的勝利,而是自由的勝利。這象徵著一個結束,也象徵著一個開端;意味著延續也意味著變革。因為我已在你們和全能的上帝面前,宣讀了我們的先輩在170年前擬定的庄嚴誓言。
現在的世界已大不相同了。人類的巨手掌握著既能消滅人間的各種貧困,又能毀滅人間的各種生活的力量。但我們的先輩為之奮斗的那些革命信念,在世界各地仍然有著爭論。這個信念就是人的權利並非來自國家的慷慨,而是來自上帝恩賜。
今天,我們不敢忘記我們是第一次革命的繼承者。讓我們的朋友和敵人同樣聽見我此時此地的講話:火炬已經傳給新一代美國人。這一代人在本世紀誕生,在戰爭中受過鍛煉,在艱難困苦的和平時期受過陶冶,他們為我國悠久的傳統感到自豪——他們不願目睹或聽任我國一向保證的、今天仍在國內外作出保證的人權漸趨毀滅。
讓每個國家都知道——不論它希望我們繁榮還是希望我們衰落一為確保自由的存在和自由的勝利,我們將付出任何代價,承受任何負擔,應付任何艱難,支持任何朋友,反抗任何敵人。 這些就是我們的保證——而且還有更多的保證。
對那些和我們有著共同文化和精神淵源的老盟友,我們保證待以誠實朋友那樣的忠誠。我們如果團結一致,就能在許多合作事業中無往不勝:我們如果分歧對立,就會一事無成——因為我們不敢在爭吵不休、四分五裂時迎接強大的挑戰。
對那些我們歡迎其加入到自由行列中來的新國家,我們恪守我們的誓言:決不讓一種更為殘酷的暴政來取代一種消失的殖民統治。我們並不總是指望他們會支持我們的觀點。但我們始終希望看到他們堅強地維護自己的自由——而且要記住,在歷史上,凡愚蠢地狐假虎威者,終必葬身虎口。
對世界各地身居茅舍和鄉村,為擺脫普遍貧困而斗爭的人們,我們保證盡最大努力幫助他們自立,不管需要花多長時間——之所以這樣做,並不是因為共產黨可能正在這樣做,也不是因為我們需要他們的選票,而是因為這樣做是正確的。自由社會如果不能幫助眾多的窮人,也就無法挽救少數富人。
對我國南面的姐妹共和國,我們提出一項特殊的保證——在爭取進行的新同盟中,把我們善意的話變為善意的行動,幫助自由人們和自由的政府擺脫貧困的枷鎖。但是,這種充滿希望的和平革命決不可以成為敵對國家的犧牲品。我們要讓所有鄰國都知道,我們將和他們在一起,反對在美洲任何地區進行侵略和顛覆活動。讓所有其他國家都知道,本半球的人仍然想做自己家園的主人。 1961. 1. 20

G. 快,快,快,快,初一英語演講稿範文40字2至3分鍾急需

奧巴馬就職演說全文:
MR. OBAMA: Thank you. Thank you so much. Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:
謝謝,非常感謝大家。拜登副總統、首席大法官先生、國會議員們、尊敬的各位嘉賓、親愛的公民們。
Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:
每一次我們集會慶祝總統就職都是在見證美國憲法的持久力量。我們都是在肯定美國民主的承諾。我們重申,將這個國家緊密聯系在一起的不是我們的膚色,也不是 我們信仰的教條,更不是我們名字的來源。讓我們與眾不同,讓我們成為美國人的是我們對於一種理念的恪守。200多年前,這一理念在一篇宣言中被清晰闡述:
「We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.」
「我們認為下述真理是不言而喻的,人人生而平等。造物主賦予他們若干不可剝奪的權利,包括生存、自由和追求幸福的權利。」
Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time. For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth. The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.
今天,我們繼續著這一未竟的征程,架起這些理念與我們時代現實之間的橋梁。因為歷史告訴我們,即便這些真理是不言而喻的,它們也從來不會自動生效。因為雖然自由是上帝賦予的禮物,但仍需要世間的子民去捍衛。1776年,美國的愛國先驅們不是只為了推翻國王的暴政而戰,也不是為贏得少數人的特權,建立暴民的統治。先驅們留給我們一個共和國,一個民有、民治、民享的政府。他們委託每一代美國人捍衛我們的建國信條。
For more than two hundred years, we have.
在過去的200多年裡,我們做到了。
Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together.
從奴役的血腥枷鎖和刀劍的血光廝殺中我們懂得了,建立在自由與平等原則之上的聯邦不能永遠維持半奴隸和半自由的狀態。我們贏得了新生,誓言共同前進。
Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers。
我們共同努力,建立起現代的經濟體系。架設鐵路與高速公路,加速了旅行和商業交流。建立學校與大學,培訓我們的工人。
Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play.
我們一起發現,自由市場的繁榮只能建立在保障競爭與公平競爭的原則之上。
Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life』s worst hazards and misfortune.
我們共同決定讓這個偉大的國家遠離危險,保護她的人民不受生命威脅和不幸的侵擾。
Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society』s ills can be cured through government alone. Our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.
一路走來,我們從未放棄對集權的質疑。我們同樣不屈服於這一謊言:一切的社會弊端都能夠只靠政府來解決。我們對積極向上與奮發進取的贊揚,我們對努力工作與個人責任的堅持,這些都是美國精神的基本要義。
But we have always understood that when times change, so must we; that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges; that preserving our indivial freedoms ultimately requires collective action. For the American people can no more meet the demands of today』s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias. No single person can train all the math and science teachers we』ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores. Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people.
我們也理解,時代在變化,我們同樣需要變革。對建國精神的忠誠,需要我們肩負起新的責任,迎接新的挑戰。保護我們的個人自由,最終需要所有人的共同努力。 因為美國人不能再獨力迎接當今世界的挑戰,正如美國士兵們不能再像先輩一樣,用步槍和民兵同敵人(法西斯主義與共產主義)作戰。一個人無法培訓所有的數學 與科學老師,我們需要他們為了未來去教育孩子們。一個人無法建設道路、鋪設網路、建立實驗室來為國內帶來新的工作崗位和商業機會。現在,與以往任何時候相比,我們都更需要團結合作。作為一個國家,一個民族團結起來。
This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience. A decade of war is now ending. An economic recovery has begun. America』s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive; diversity and openness; an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention. My fellow Americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together.
這一代美國人經歷了危機的考驗,經濟危機堅定了我們的決心,證明了我們的恢復力。長達十年的戰爭正在結束,經濟的復甦已經開始。美國的可能性是無限的,因為我們擁有當今沒有邊界的世界所需要的所有品質:年輕與活力、多樣性與開放、無窮的冒險精神以及創造的天賦才能。我親愛的同胞們,我們正是為此刻而生,我們更要在此刻團結一致,抓住當下的機會。
For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. We believe that America』s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class. We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work; when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship. We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own.
因為我們,美國人民,清楚如果只有不斷萎縮的少數人群體獲得成功,而大多數人不能成功,我們的國家就無法成功。我們相信,美國的繁榮必須建立在不斷上升的中產階級的寬闊臂膀之上,我們知道美國的繁榮只有這樣才能實現。只有當每個人都能找到工作中的自立與自豪時才能實現。只有當誠實勞動獲得的薪水足夠讓家庭 擺脫困苦的懸崖時才能實現。我們忠誠於我們的事業,保證讓一個出生於最貧窮環境中的小女孩都能知道,她有同其他所有人一樣的成功機會。因為她是一個美國人,她是自由的、平等的。她的自由平等不僅由上帝來見證,更由我們親手保護。
We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time. We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher. But while the means will change, our purpose enres: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American. That is what this moment requires. That is what will give real meaning to our creed.
我們知道,我們已然陳舊的程序不足以滿足時代的需要。我們必須應用新理念和新技術重塑我們的政府,改進我們的稅法,改革我們的學校,讓我們的公民擁有他們所需要的技能,更加努力地工作,學更多的知識,向更高處發展。這意味著變革,我們的目標是:國家可以獎勵每個美國人的努力和果斷。這是現在需要的。這將給我們的信條賦予真正的意義。
We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity. We must make the hard choices to rece the cost of health care and the size of our deficit. But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future. For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn. We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few. We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm. The commitments we make to each other – through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security – these things do not sap our initiative; they strengthen us. They do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great.
我們,人民,仍然認為,每個公民都應當獲得基本的安全和尊嚴。我們必須做出艱難抉擇,降低醫療成本,縮減赤字規模。但我們拒絕在照顧建設國家的這一代和投 資即將建設國家的下一代間做出選擇。因為我們記得過去的教訓:老年人的夕陽時光在貧困中度過,家有殘障兒童的父母無處求助。我們相信,在這個國家,自由不只是那些幸運兒的專屬,或者說幸福只屬於少數人。我們知道,不管我們怎樣負責任地生活,我們任何人在任何時候都可能面臨失業、突發疾病或住房被可怕的颶風摧毀的風險。我們通過醫療保險、聯邦醫療補助計劃、社會保障項目向每個人做出承諾,這些不會讓我們的創造力衰竭,而是會讓我們更強大。這些不會讓我們成為充滿不勞而獲者的國度,這些讓我們敢於承擔風險,讓國家偉大。

We, the people, still believe that our obligations as Americans are not just to ourselves, but to all posterity. We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations. Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science, but none can avoid the devastating impact of raging fires, and crippling drought, and more powerful storms. The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult. But America cannot resist this transition; we must lead it. We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new instries – we must claim its promise. That is how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure – our forests and waterways; our croplands and snowcapped peaks. That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God. That』s what will lend meaning to the creed our fathers once declared.
我們,人民,仍然相信,我們作為美國人的義務不只是對我們自己而言,還包括對子孫後代。我們將應對氣候變化的威脅,認識到不採取措施應對氣候變化就是對我 們的孩子和後代的背叛。一些人可能仍在否定科學界的壓倒性判斷,但沒有人能夠避免熊熊火災、嚴重旱災、更強力風暴帶來的災難性打擊。通向可再生能源利用的 道路是漫長的,有時是困難的。但美國不能抵制這種趨勢,我們必須引領這種趨勢。我們不能把製造新就業機會和新行業的技術讓給其他國家,我們必須明確這一承 諾。這是我們保持經濟活力和國家財富(我們的森林和航道,我們的農田與雪峰)的方法。這將是我們保護我們星球的辦法,上帝把這個星球託付給我們。這將給我們的建國之父們曾宣布的信條賦予意義。
We, the people, still believe that enring security and lasting peace do not require perpetual war. Our brave men and women in uniform, tempered by the flames of battle, are unmatched in skill and courage. Our citizens, seared by the memory of those we have lost, know too well the price that is paid for liberty. The knowledge of their sacrifice will keep us forever vigilant against those who would do us harm. But we are also heirs to those who won the peace and not just the war, who turned sworn enemies into the surest of friends, and we must carry those lessons into this time as well.
我們,人民,仍然相信持久的安全與和平,不需要持續的戰爭。我們勇敢的士兵經受了戰火的考驗,他們的技能和勇氣是無可匹敵的。我們的公民依然銘記著那些陣亡者,他們非常清楚我們為自由付出的代價。明白他們的犧牲將讓我們永遠對那些試圖傷害我們的勢力保持警惕。但我們也是那些贏得和平而不只是戰爭的人們的後 代,他們將仇敵轉變成最可靠的朋友,我們也必須把這些經驗帶到這個時代。
We will defend our people and uphold our values through strength of arms and rule of law. We will show the courage to try and resolve our differences with other nations peacefully – not because we are naïve about the dangers we face, but because engagement can more rably lift suspicion and fear. America will remain the anchor of strong alliances in every corner of the globe; and we will renew those institutions that extend our capacity to manage crisis abroad, for no one has a greater stake in a peaceful world than its most powerful nation. We will support democracy from Asia to Africa; from the Americas to the Middle East, because our interests and our conscience compel us to act on behalf of those who long for freedom. And we must be a source of hope to the poor, the sick, the marginalized, the victims of prejudice – not out of mere charity, but because peace in our time requires the constant advance of those principles that our common creed describes: tolerance and opportunity; human dignity and justice.
我們將通過強大的軍力和法制保護我們的人民,捍衛我們的價值觀。我們將展現試圖和平解決與其它國家分歧的勇氣,但這不是因為我們對面臨的危險持幼稚的態 度,而是因為接觸能夠更持久地化解疑慮和恐懼。美國將在全球保持強大的聯盟,我們將更新這些能擴展我們應對海外危機能力的機制。因為作為世界上最強大的國家,我們在世界和平方面擁有最大的利益。我們將支持從亞洲到非洲、從美洲至中東的民主國家,因為我們的利益和良心驅使我們代表那些想獲得自由的人們採取行 動。我們必須成為貧困者、病患者、被邊緣化的人士、異見受害者的希望來源,不僅僅是出於慈善,也是因為這個時代的和平需要不斷推進我們共同信念中的原則: 寬容和機遇,人類尊嚴與正義。
We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths – that all of us are created equal – is the star that guides us still; just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall; just as it guided all those men and women, sung and unsung, who left footprints along this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone; to hear a King proclaim that our indivial freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth.
我們,人民,今天昭示的最明白的事實是——我們所有人都是生而平等的,這是依然引領我們的恆星。它引領我們的先輩穿越紐約塞尼卡瀑布城(女權抗議事件)、 塞爾馬(黑人權力事件)和石牆騷亂(同性戀與警察發生的暴力事件),引領著所有的男性和女性,留下姓名和沒留姓名的人。在偉大的征程中,一路上留下足跡的 人。曾經聽一位牧師說,我們不能獨自前行。馬丁-路德-金說,我們個人的自由與地球上每個靈魂的自由不可分割。
It is now our generation』s task to carry on what those pioneers began. For our journey is not complete until our wives, our mothers, and daughters can earn a living equal to their efforts. Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law – for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well. Our journey is not complete until no citizen is forced to wait for hours to exercise the right to vote. Our journey is not complete until we find a better way to welcome the striving, hopeful immigrants who still see America as a land of opportunity; until bright young students and engineers are enlisted in our workforce rather than expelled from our country. Our journey is not complete until all our children, from the streets of Detroit to the hills of Appalachia to the quiet lanes of Newtown, know that they are cared for, and cherished, and always safe from harm.
繼續先輩開創的事業是我們這代人的任務。直到我們的妻子、母親和女兒的付出能夠與她們的努力相稱,我們的征途才會結束。我們的征途不會終結,我們要讓同性戀的兄弟姐妹在法律之下得到與其他人同樣的待遇。如果我們真正是生而平等的,那麼我們對彼此的愛也應該是平等的。我們的征途沒有結束,直到沒有公民需要等待數個小時去行使投票權。我們的征途不會結束,直到我們找到更好的方法迎接努力、有憧憬的移民,他們依舊視美國是一塊充滿機會的土地。直到聰穎年輕的學生 和工程師為我們所用,而不是被逐出美國。我們的征途不會結束,直到我們所有的兒童,從底特律的街道到阿巴拉契亞的山嶺,再到康涅狄格州紐鎮安靜的小巷,直到他們得到關心和珍視,永遠避免受到傷害。
That is our generation』s task – to make these words, these rights, these values – of Life, and Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – real for every American. Being true to our founding documents does not require us to agree on every contour of life; it does not mean we will all define liberty in exactly the same way, or follow the same precise path to happiness. Progress does not compel us to settle centuries-long debates about the role of government for all time – but it does require us to act in our time.
那是我們這一代的任務——讓生存、自由和追求幸福的言語、權力和價值切實體現在每個美國人的身上。我們的立國根本沒有要求我們將每個人的生活一致化。這並不意味著,我們會以完全一樣的方式去定義自由,沿著同樣的道路通向幸福。進步不會終止幾個世紀以來一直糾結的關於政府角色的爭論,但這要求我們現在就採取行動。
For now decisions are upon us, and we cannot afford delay. We cannot mistake absolutism for principle, or substitute spectacle for politics, or treat name-calling as reasoned debate. We must act, knowing that our work will be imperfect. We must act, knowing that today』s victories will be only partial, and that it will be up to those who stand here in four years, and forty years, and four hundred years hence to advance the timeless spirit once conferred to us in a spare Philadelphia hall.
目前是由我們決策,我們不能拖延。我們不能將絕對主義當作原則,或者以表象代替政治,或將中傷視作理性的辯論。我們必須行動,要意識到我們的工作並不完美。我們必須行動,意識到今天的勝利是並不完全的。這些將有賴於未來4年、40年或是400年致力於這項事業的人,去推進當年在費城制憲會議大廳傳承給我們的永恆精神。
My fellow Americans, the oath I have sworn before you today, like the one recited by others who serve in this Capitol, was an oath to God and country, not party or faction – and we must faithfully execute that pledge ring the ration of our service. But the words I spoke today are not so different from the oath that is taken each time a soldier signs up for ty, or an immigrant realizes her dream. My oath is not so different from the pledge we all make to the flag that waves above and that fills our hearts with pride.
我的美國同胞,我今天在你們面前宣讀的誓詞,如同在國會山服務的其他人曾宣讀過的誓詞一樣,是對上帝和國家的誓詞,不是對黨派或是派別的,我們必須在任期 內忠實地履行這些承諾。但我今天宣讀的誓詞與士兵報名參軍或者是移民實現夢想時所宣讀的誓詞沒有多少差別。我的誓詞與我們所有的人向我們頭頂飄揚的、讓我們心懷自豪的國旗所表達的誓言沒有多大差別。
They are the words of citizens, and they represent our greatest hope.
這些是公民的誓詞,代表著我們最偉大的希望。
You and I, as citizens, have the power to set this country』s course.
你和我,作為公民,都有為這個國家設定道路的權力。
You and I, as citizens, have the obligation to shape the debates of our time – not only with the votes we cast, but with the voices we lift in defense of our most ancient values and enring ideals.
你和我,作為公民,有義務塑造我們時代的辯題,不僅是通過我們的選票,而且要為捍衛悠久的價值觀和持久的理想發聲。
Let each of us now embrace, with solemn ty and awesome joy, what is our lasting birthright. With common effort and common purpose, with passion and dedication, let us answer the call of history, and carry into an uncertain future that precious light of freedom.
現在讓我們相互擁抱,懷著庄嚴的職責和無比的快樂,這是我們永恆的與生俱來的權利。有共同的努力和共同的目標,用熱情與奉獻,讓我們回應歷史的召喚,將珍貴的自由之光帶入並不確定的未來。
Thank you, God Bless you, and may He forever bless these United States of America.
感謝你們,上帝保佑你們,願上帝永遠保佑美利堅合眾國。

H. 美國法官畢業演講上灌"毒雞湯"

約翰·羅伯茨領養了一兒一女,在兒子的初中畢業典禮上致辭,同時贈送每個畢業生由大法官簽名的憲法,令人回味!並說「人們唯有遭遇不公時,才知道公正的價值」,約翰·羅伯茨大法官,在他兒子初中畢業典禮上的致辭,引起美國社交平台上刷屏並討論。

演講詞:

"通常,畢業典禮的演講嘉賓都會祝你們好運並送上祝福。但我不會這樣做,讓我來告訴你為什麼。」「在未來的很多年中,我希望你被不公正地對待過,唯有如此,你才真正懂得公正的價值。」「我希望你遭受背叛,唯有如此你才領悟到忠誠之重要。」「抱歉的說,我會祝福你時常感到孤獨,唯有如此你才不會把良朋益友視為人生中的理所當然。"

「我祝福你人生旅途中時常運氣不佳,唯有如此你才意識到概率和機遇在人生中扮演的角色,進而理解你的成功並不完全是命中註定,而別人的失敗也不是天經地義。"

「當你失敗的時候,時不時地,我希望你的對手會因為你的失敗而幸災樂禍,唯有如此才能讓你意識到有風度的競爭精神之重要。」

「我祝福你會被忽視,唯有如此,你才會意識到傾聽他人的重要性。」「我祝福你遭受切膚之痛,唯有如此,才能讓你感同身受,從而對別人有同情的理解。」

I. 羅斯福的演講

富蘭克林.羅斯福就職演講:四大自由
第三種人 @ 2005-04-21 00:08

世界大戰在一九一四年驟然爆發的時候,這場戰爭對我們美國本身的前途似乎僅有輕微的威脅。但是,隨著時間的推移,美國人民開始體會到各民主國家的淪陷對我們美國的民主制度會意味著什麼。

我們無須過分強調凡爾賽和約的缺陷。我們也無須反復談論各民主國家處理世界性破壞問題的失效。我們應該記住,一九一九年的和約與早在慕尼黑會議以前就開始的「和解」(facification)相比,其不公正的程度要小得多;而在那力圖向世界各大洲擴展的暴政新秩序下,這種「和解」仍在延續著。美國人民堅定不移地反對那種暴政。

每一個現實主義者都知道,民主的生活方式目前正在世界各地遭到直接的進攻--或者是武力的進攻,或者是秘密散布的惡毒宣傳的進攻。散布這種宣傳的是那些企圖在仍然維持著和平的國家中破壞團結挑起不和的人。十六個月來,這種進攻已在數目驚人的一批大小獨立國家中毀掉了整個民主生活的方式。進攻者仍在步步進逼,威脅著大大小小的其它國家。

……作為你們的總統,執行憲法加諸於我的「向國會報導聯邦情況」的責任,我認為必須向你們報告,我們國家和我們民主政治的前途與安全,已經和遠離我們國境的許多事件不可抗拒地牽連在一起了。

以武力保衛民主生存的戰爭,現正在四大洲英勇地進行。倘若這場保衛戰失敗,所有在歐洲、亞洲、 非洲和澳洲的人口和一切資源,均將為征服者所控制。這些人口和資源合計起來,遠超過整個西半球的全部人口和資源的總數--超過很多倍……

任何現實的美國人都不能期望從一個獨裁者的和平中獲得國際上的寬容,或真正獨立的恢復,或世界性裁軍,或言論自由, 或宗教信仰自由,或者甚至公平的貿易。這樣的和平決不會給我們或者我們的鄰國帶來任何安全。「那些寧願放棄基本自由以求一時安全的人;既不該享有自由,也不該得到安全。……

我最近曾指出,現代戰爭可以多麼迅速地將武器攻擊帶到我們的身旁,如果獨裁國家打贏這場戰爭,我們就必須預計到這種攻擊的到來……

當務之急是,我們的行動和我們的政策都應首先針對(幾乎是專門針對)如何對付這種來自國外的危險,因為我們所有的國內問題現在都已成為這一逼近眉睫的問題的一個部分。正如在國內事務上,我們的國策是以尊重國門以內所有同胞的權利和尊嚴的基礎,在外交事務上,我們的國策也以尊重所有大小國家的權利與尊嚴為依歸。道德的公正原則最後將會並且也必然會獲得勝利。

我們的國策是:

第一,在明確表達公眾意願以及排除黨派偏見的情況下,我們致力於全面的國防。

第二,在明確表達公眾意願以及排除黨派偏見的情況下,我們決定對於任何地方反抗侵略致使戰火沒有燃到我們西半球來的所有英勇民族,予以全力支持。我們用這種支持,來表示我們對民主事業必勝的決心;我們要加強我國本身的防禦和安全。

第三,在明確表達公眾意願以及排除黨派偏見的情況下,我們決定聲明,道德的基本原則和我們對本身安全的考慮,將永不容許我們默認由侵略者所支配和「和解」主義者所贊許的和平。我們知道,持久和平是不能以他人的自由為代價買來的……

新情況不斷為我們的安全帶來新的需要。我將要求國會大量增加新的撥款並授權繼續進行我們已開始的工作。

我也要求本屆國會授予足夠的權力與經費,以便製造多種多樣的額外軍需品與戰爭裝備,供給那些現已與侵略國實際作戰的國家。

我們最有效和最直接的任務,是充當他們和我們自己的兵工廠。他們不需人力,他們所需的是價值以十億美元計的防衛武器。 用不了多久,他們將無力用現款償付這些防禦武器。我們不能也不會只因為他們無力償付我們知道他們必須擁有的武器,便告訴他們必須投降。

我不會建議由我們貸款給他們,再由他們用該款支付購買武器的費用--一種需用現金償還的貸款。

我建議由我們設法使那些國家繼續從美國取得作戰物資,並使他們的定單與我們自己的計劃配合起來。一旦時刻到來,他們的幾乎全部軍用物資都會有利於我們自己的防衛。

根據富有經驗的陸海軍權威的建議,並且考慮到什麼是最有利於我們自身安全,我們可以自由地決定應該在國內保留多少, 應該運給我們的外國朋友多少。他們堅定英勇抗敵,使我們贏得時間為我們自己的防衛作準備。

讓我們對民主國家申明:「我們美國人極為關懷你們保衛自由的戰爭。我們正使用我們的實力、我們的資源和我們的組織力量,使你們有能力恢復和維系一個自由的世界。我們會給你們送來數量日增的艦艇、飛機、坦克和大炮。這是我們的目標,也是我們的誓言。為了實現這個目標,我們不會因獨裁者的威脅而退縮不前,這些人認為我們對那些膽敢抵抗他們侵略的民主國家進行支持,是違犯國際公法,是戰爭行為……

未來幾代美國人的幸福,可能要看我們如何有效而迅速地使我們的支持產生影響而定。沒有人知道,我們要面對的緊急處境是屬於怎樣一種性質。在國家命脈臨危的時候,國家的雙手絕對不能受縛。我們全體都必須准備為那種和戰爭本身一樣嚴重的非常時期的要求,作出犧牲。任何阻礙迅速而有效地進行防衛准備的事,都必須為國家的需要讓路……

如同人們並非單靠麵包生活一樣,他們也並非單靠武器來作戰。那些堅守我們防禦工事的人以及在他們後面建立防禦工事的人必須具有耐力和勇氣,而所有這些均來自對他們正在保衛的生活方式所抱的不可動搖的信念。我們所號召的偉大行動,是不可能以忽視所有值得奮斗的東西為基礎的。

美國民主生活的保持是與個人利害攸關的,舉國上下,對於促使人民明白這一點而做的種種事情,都非常滿意,並且從中汲取了巨大力量。那些事情使我們人民的氣質堅強起來,重建了他們的信心,也加強了他們對大家准備保衛的各種制度的忠誠。當然,現在並非停止考慮各種社會和經濟問題的時候,這些問題都是社會革命的根本原因,而這種革命則是今天世界的一個主要因素。

一個健全鞏固的民主政治的基礎並不神秘。我們人民對政治和經濟制度所抱的基本期望十分簡單。它們是:給青年和其它人以均等機會;給能工作的人以工作;給需要保障的人以保障;終止少數人享有的特權;保護所有人的公民自由權;在生活水平更普遍和不斷提高的情況下,享受科學進步的成果。

在我們這個混亂和極端復雜的現代世界中,這些是決不應忽視的簡單而基本的事項。我們的各種經濟和政治體制的內在和持久的力量,取決於它們滿足這些期望的程度。

有不少與我們社會經濟有關的事項,需要立即改善。例如:我們應當使更多的公民得到老年退休金和失業保險的保障。我們應當擴大那種使人們得到充分醫療照顧的機會。我們應當制訂一套更好的制度,使那些應當並需要獲得有薪職業的人們能夠就業。

我曾經號召大家作個人的犧牲。我已得到保證,幾乎每個美國人都心甘情願響應我這個號召……

在我們力求安定的未來的歲月里,我們期待一個建立在四項人類基本自由之上的世界。

第一是在全世界任何地方發表言論和表達意見的自由。

第二是在全世界任何地方,人人有以自己的方式來崇拜上帝的自由。

第三是不虞匱乏的自由--這種自由,就世界范圍來講,就是一種經濟上的融洽關系,它將保證全世界每一個國家的居民都過健全的、和平時期的生活。

第四是免除恐懼的自由--這種自由,就世界范圍來講,就是世界性的裁減軍備,要以一種徹底的方法把它裁減到這樣的程度:務使世界上沒有一個國家有能力向全世界任何地區的任何鄰國進行武力侵略。

這並不是對一個渺茫的黃金時代的憧憬,而是我們這個時代和我們這一代人可以實現的一種世界的堅實基礎,這種世界,和獨裁者想用炸彈爆炸來製造的所謂「新秩序」的暴政,是截然相反的。

對於他們那個新秩序,我們是以一種偉大的觀念--道德秩序來與之相對抗的。一個優越的社會,是可以同樣毫無畏懼地面對各種征服世界和在國外製造革命的陰謀的。

自美國有史以來,我們一直在從事改革--一種永久性的和平革命--一種連續不斷而靜悄悄地適應環境變化的革命--並不需要任何集中營或萬人冢。我們所追求的世界秩序,是自由國家間的合作,以及在友好、文明的社會里共同努力。

這個國家,已把它的命運交到它千百萬自由男女的手裡,腦里和心裡;把它對於自由的信仰交由上帝指引。自由意味著在任何地方人權都是至高無上的。

凡是為了取得或保持這種權利而斗爭的人,我們都予以支持。我們的力量來自我們的目標一致。

為了實現這一崇高的觀念,我們是不獲全勝絕不休止的。

羅斯福就職演講

來源: 時間:2005-09-18

胡佛總統,首席法官先生,朋友們:
今天,對我們的國家來說,是一個神聖的日子。我肯定,同胞們都期待我在就任總統時,會像我國目前形勢所要求的那樣,坦率而果斷地向他們講話。現在正是坦白、勇敢地說出實話,說出全部實話的最好時刻。我們不必畏首畏尾,不老老實實面對我國今天的情況。這個偉大的國家會一如既往地堅持下去,它會復興和繁榮起來。因此,讓我首先表明我的堅定信念:我們唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身--一種莫名其妙、喪失理智的、毫無根據的恐懼,它把人轉退為進所需的種種努力化為泡影。凡在我國生活陰雲密布的時刻,坦率而有活力的領導都得到過人民的理解和支持,從而為勝利准備了必不可少的條件。我相信,在目前危急時刻,大家會再次給予同樣的支持。
我和你們都要以這種精神,來面對我們共同的困難。感謝上帝,這些困難只是物質方面的。價值難以想像地貶縮了;課稅增加了;我們的支付能力下降了;各級政府面臨著嚴重的收入短缺;交換手段在貿易過程中遭到了凍結;工業企業枯萎的落葉到處可見;農場主的產品找不到銷路;千家萬戶多年的積蓄付之東流。
更重要的是,大批失業公民正面臨嚴峻的生存問題,還有大批公民正以艱辛的勞動換取微薄的報酬。只有愚蠢的樂天派會否認當前這些陰暗的現實。
但是,我們的苦惱決不是因為缺乏物資。我們沒有遭到什麼蝗蟲的災害。我們的先輩曾以信念和無畏一次次轉危為安,比起他們經歷過的險阻,我們仍大可感到欣慰。大自然仍在給予我們恩惠,人類的努力已使之倍增。富足的情景近在咫尺,但就在我們見到這種 情景的時候,寬裕的生活卻悄然離去。這主要是因為主宰人類物資交換的統治者們失敗了,他們固執己見而又無能為力,因而已經認定失敗了,並撒手不管了。貪得無厭的貨幣兌換商的種種行徑。將受到輿論法庭的起訴,將受到人類心靈理智的唾棄。
是的,他們是努力過,然而他們用的是一種完全過時的方法。面對信貸的失敗,他們只是提議借出更多的錢。沒有了當誘餌引誘 人民追隨他們的錯誤領導的金錢,他們只得求助於講道,含淚祈求人民重新給予他們信心。他們只知自我追求者們的處世規則。他們沒有眼光,而沒有眼光的人是要滅亡的。
如今,貨幣兌換商已從我們文明廟宇的高處落荒而逃。我們要以千古不變的真理來重建這座廟宇。衡量這重建的尺度是我們體現比金錢利益更高尚的社會價值的程度。
幸福並不在於單純地佔有金錢;幸福還在於取得成就後的喜悅,在於創造努力時的激情。務必不能再忘記勞動帶來的喜悅和激勵,而去瘋狂地追逐那轉瞬即逝的利潤。如果這些暗淡的時日能使我們認識到,我們真正的天命不是要別人侍奉,而是為自己和同胞們服務,那麼,我們付出的代價就完全是值得的。
認識到把物質財富當作成功的標準是錯誤的,我們就會拋棄以地位尊嚴和個人收益為唯一標准,來衡量公職和高級政治地位的錯誤信念;我們必須制止銀行界和企業界的一種行為,它常常使神聖的委託混同於無情和自私的不正當行為。難怪信心在減弱,信心,只有靠誠實、信譽、忠心維護和無私履行職責。而沒有這些,就不可能有信心。
但是,復興不僅僅只要改變倫理觀念。這個國家要求行動起來,現在就行動起來。
我們最大、最基本的任務是讓人民投入工作。只要我信行之以智慧和勇氣,這個問題就可以解決。這可以部分由政府直接徵募完成,就象對待臨戰的緊要關頭一樣,但同時,在有了人手的情況下,我們還急需能刺激並重組巨大自然資源的工程。
我們齊心協力,但必須坦白地承認工業中心的人口失衡,我們必須在全國范圍內重新分配,使土地在最適合的人手中發表揮更大作用。
明確地為提高農產品價值並以此購買城市產品所做的努力,會有助於任務的完成。避免許多小家庭業、農場業被取消贖取抵押品的權利的悲劇也有助於任務的完成。聯邦、州、各地政府立即行動回應要求降價的呼聲,有助於任務的完成。將現在常常是分散不經濟、不平等的救濟活動統一起來有助於任務的完成。對所有公共交通運輸,通訊及其他涉及公眾生活的設施作全國性的計劃及監督有助於任務的完成。許多事情都有助於任務完成,但這些決不包括空談。我們必須行動,立即行動。
最後,為了重新開始工作,我們需要兩手防禦,來抗禦舊秩序惡魔卷土從來;一定要有嚴格監督銀行業、信貸及投資的機制:一定要杜絕投機;一定要有充足而健康的貨幣供應。
以上這些,朋友們,就是施政方針。我要在特別會議上敦促新國會給予詳細實施方案,並且,我要向18個州請求立即的援助。
通過行動,我們將予以我們自己一個有秩序的國家大廈,使收入大於支出。我們的國際貿易,雖然很重要,但現在在時間和必要性上,次於對本國健康經濟的建立。我建議,作為可行的策略、首要事務先行。雖然我將不遺餘力通過國際經濟重新協調所來恢復國際貿易,但我認為國內的緊急情況無法等待這重新協調的完成。
指導這一特別的全國性復甦的基本思想並非狹隘的國家主義。我首先考慮的是堅持美國這一整體中各部分的相互依賴性--這是對美國式的開拓精神的古老而永恆的證明的體現。這才是復甦之路,是即時之路,是保證復甦功效持久之路。
在國際政策方面,我將使美國採取睦鄰友好的政策。做一個決心自重,因此而尊重鄰國的國家。做一個履行義務,尊重與他國協約的國家。
如果我對人民的心情的了解正確的話,我想我們已認識到了我們從未認識的問題,我們是互相依存的,我們不可以只索取,我們還必須奉獻。我們前進時,必須象一支訓練有素的忠誠的軍隊,願意為共同的原則而獻身,因為,沒有這些原則,就無法取得進步,領導就不可能得力。我們都已做好准備,並願意為此原則獻出生命和財產,因為這將使志在建設更美好社會的領導成為可能。我倡議,為了更偉大的目標,我們所有的人,以一致的職責緊緊團結起來。這是神聖的義務,非戰亂,不停止。
有了這樣的誓言,我將毫不猶豫地承擔領導偉大人民大軍的任務,致力於對我們普遍問題的強攻。這樣的行動,這樣的目標,在我們從祖先手中接過的政府中是可行的。我們的憲法如此簡單,實在。它隨時可以應付特殊情況,只需對重點和安排加以修改而不喪失中心思想,正因為如此,我們的憲法體制已自證為是最有適應性的政治體制。它已應付過巨大的國土擴張、外戰、內亂及國際關系所帶來的壓力。
而我們還希望行使法律的人士做到充分的平等,能充分地擔負前所未有的任務。但現在前所未有的對緊急行動的需要要求國民暫時丟棄平常生活節奏,緊迫起來。
讓我們正視面前的嚴峻歲月,懷著舉國一致給我們帶來的熱情和勇氣,懷著尋求傳統的、珍貴的道德觀念的明確意識,懷著老老少少都能通過克盡職守而得到的問心無愧的滿足。我們的目標是要保證國民生活的圓滿和長治久安。
我們並不懷疑基本民主制度的未來。合眾國人民並沒有失敗。他們在困難中表達了自己的委託,即要求採取直接而有力的行動。他們要求有領導的紀律和方向。他們現在選擇了我作為實現他們的願望的工具。我接受這份厚贈。

J. 今年的美國總統就職典禮有何特別之處

總統就職典禮是當選總統正式就任總統、開始任期的標志,兩百多年來,已經逐漸形成了特定的程序。就職典禮日當天,當選總統要參加晨禱儀式、宣誓就職、就職演說等項目,之後還會舉辦就職午餐會、就職舞會等活動。

1933年通過的美國憲法第20條修正案規定,美國每一位當選總統的任期始於大選翌年1月20日正午。在此之前,從1793年至1933年,美國總統的宣誓就職日為3月4日。美國第一屆總統喬治·華盛頓的就職典禮於1789年4月30日舉行。
演講稿由川普親自撰寫

據美國有線電視新聞網(CNN)報道,川普告訴他的朋友稱,他將親自撰寫就職演說的演講稿,並稱這是受到兩位已故前總統里根和肯尼迪的鼓舞。

川普還表示,里根的風格和肯尼迪對於國家雄心的那種清晰表達,對於他准備自己的演講至關重要。川普的傳記作者、總統歷史學家道格拉斯·布林克利(Douglas Brinkley)表示,川普想親自撰寫就職演說稿,從(去年)12月29日就開始動手寫,並且這會是一份簡短的演說稿,「因為他不想讓來賓站在寒風中太久」。

新任總統一般利用發表就職演說的機會向美國人民闡述本屆政府的政綱和目標。對於就職演說的長短而言,並無一定之規。1793年3月4日,喬治·華盛頓發表的第二次就職演說僅135個字。1841年3月4日,威廉·哈里森發表的就職演說長達8445字。

三任前總統將出席典禮 希拉里也參加

據悉,此次典禮將有三任前總統出席。前總統柯林頓與其妻子、2016美國總統參選人的希拉里將參加川普就職典禮。此外,前總統小布希和夫人勞拉也確定將出現就職典禮。前總統吉米·卡特夜明確表示將出席典禮。不過,已經92歲高齡的前總統老布希因為身體原因,將不會出席。

禮俗上,歷任總統不分黨派大多會參加新任總統的就職典禮,但曾是第一夫人的希拉里因為也是川普的競爭對手,加上贏得普選票卻失了選舉人票而痛失總統寶座讓場面顯得尷尬。

而即將離職的奧巴馬,在2009年就任時,所有四位在世的前總統均出席典禮。不過,13年奧巴馬獲得連任時,布希父子則以老布希的身體原因為由缺席。

總統宣誓就職總統宣誓就職的儀式通常由最高法院首席大法官主持。美國《憲法》第2條第1款規定總統宣誓就職的誓詞如下:"我謹庄嚴宣誓(或鄭重聲明),我一定忠實執行合眾國總統職務,竭盡全力,恪守、維護和捍衛合眾國憲法。"

EB-5投資移民機會與挑戰並存

川普贏得大選,其對移民問題的態度影響著移民政策。自參選以來,川普對移民政策問題一直立場強硬。不過,分析認為,其主要針對的是非法移民,對於合法移民來說,或許有積極影響。一大批非法移民被驅逐,有人走,自然需要有人來,合法移民渠道將迎來良機。

另有分析稱,川普支持合法移民的姿態是明確的,其上台對已為美國經濟做出重要貢獻的E-B5區域中心計劃,並不會造成重大沖擊,另一方面,川普要求增加美國國內製造業機會、廣泛推進基礎設施的執政綱領,也為未來更多優質E-B5項目帶來機會。

現行EB-5區域中心計劃再次捆綁美國政府撥款項目持續決議案延至2017年4月28日。對於此次法案調整,目前來看,漲價、TEA定義變更、簽證分配等「高門檻」條款仍是主要方向。

接下來的幾個月無疑是投資者免於政策變更風險,成功移民美國的絕佳時機,建議投資人盡早遞交申請,鎖住項目最後名額,歡迎撥打400-690-8519進行一對一咨詢!

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