呼籲立法英文

Ⅰ 網路安全呼籲立法

為了保證網際網路空間和使用者的安全，抵禦無孔不入黑客的襲擊，保護重要機構的網站，八國集團26日在柏林召開會議，專門討論如何提高網路安全的水平和防範網上犯罪的問題。

這次會議聚集了來自八國集團各成員國的一百多名計算機和網路專家。在會議上，專家們指出，目前的網路已對各國的國民生活造成了不小的影響。據統計，八國集團各成員國每年因網路犯罪造成的損失多達420億美元，網路安全問題已經不容忽視。

在會議上，各國專家呼籲說，為了打擊網路犯罪，需要各國政府協調行動，一起制定打擊網上犯罪的有關法律。網際網路空間是無國界的，網上黑客可以通過網路在世界各地通行無阻，僅僅依靠一個國家的力量無法有效地制止網路犯罪行為。但是，如果在每個國家打擊網路犯罪都有法可依，對於防範網路犯罪會有很大幫助。各國政府應該專門成立一個負責網路安全的職能機構，既能減輕目前司法部門的負擔，又能使打擊網路犯罪更為有效和專業化，還可以加強各國之間在這一問題上的合作。

專家們在會議上還指出，在制訂相關的法律法規的時候，應該考慮到所有網際網路用戶的需要。對於個人用戶來說，網路安全問題的概念主要是如何避開網上各種騙局，避免遭到欺詐和盜用；對於網上商家，網路安全主要是保證客戶和公司的金融安全；而對於政府和各個機構來說，網路安全則主要是如何保護自己的網站免遭黑客的襲擊。而鑒於網路的公開性和特殊性，各國在制訂法律時還需要在打擊犯罪和保護網路用戶的隱私權之間尋求一個平衡點。

同一天，德國總理施羅德和內政部長奧托·席利出席了在另一城市漢諾威舉行的一個計算機研討會。施羅德在會上表示，網路犯罪是一個全球性的問題，打擊網路犯罪需要全球各國的合作。只有向用戶提供安全的網際網路服務，才能使人們對網路樹立信心，促進電子商務和網路經濟的發展。席利表示，為了使各國在打擊網路犯罪問題上取得一致，各國政府需要達成一個合理的對網路犯罪的認同標准，確定什麼樣的行為屬於網路犯罪，然後對這些行為予以打擊。

顯然，隨著網際網路對人們生活的影響越來越深遠，網路犯罪問題也日益受人關注。但也有專家指出，打擊網路犯罪比打擊常規犯罪更為復雜，更加艱難。由於世界各國在政治體制、意識形態、法律制度和價值觀念上的千差萬別，要達到一個統一的網路安全標准將是一件十分艱難的工作。在網際網路上什麼是對的？什麼是錯的？這個問題恐怕還將在今後許多年裡困擾各國的法律專家

Ⅱ 瞌睡吧的呼籲為打盹立法

盡管法國「睡神」健康組織一直在宣傳打盹的好處，比如：「人體的生物鍾天生就被調節成需要打盹的模式」，「在上班間隙小睡利大於弊」等，但還是有一些法國人擔心打盹會錯過重要商機、耽誤工作而不敢睡。有的公司領導則害怕批准職工打盹會混淆工作和休息的界限，為計算工作時間增添麻煩。最近2000名法國青年通過在露天廣場集體打盹的行為藝術來呼籲人們關註上班打盹的重要性，他們的口號是「大家快抓緊，停下工作打個盹」，希望能夠憑此將上班打盹正式提交給國會決議，並最終寫入法國《勞動法》。▲

Ⅲ Citizen's initiative怎麼翻譯，就是關於立法的好像，是關於投票環節的，不知道是什

Citizen's initiative
公民的動議權
（由公民參與的倡議，對立法產生影響，使法律體現民意。）

Ⅳ 百姓如何才能呼籲國家立法

百姓呼籲國家立法的渠道很多，包括但不限於如下：一是通過每年的兩會人大代表收集意見、准備提案來反映、呼籲；二是通過村委會居委會等基層組織逐級向上反映、呼籲；三是直接向全國人大常務會議的專門立法委員會反映、呼籲。

Ⅳ 雜訊污染 呼籲立法 中國人民把你們受壞計程車司機的氣 寫上來 呼籲立法

樓主，雜訊污染防治法早就存在！你可以網路一下。如果你找不到我可以傳給你電子文本。

Ⅵ 全身癱瘓的女兒呼籲國家對an le si 盡快立法，我該怎麼辦啊

1.立法不是一句話就能辦成的事情。
2.安樂死是違法，但是現實中都判緩刑
3.不知道停止治療是不是可以加快。。。可能說的容易坐不下手

Ⅶ 呼籲立法，難道不滿14歲就可以為所欲為了嗎

立法是沒有用的
法律的生命在於實施

Ⅷ 求一篇關於刑法立功的中英文對比文章，要求要有參考文獻之類的，跪求

我國立功制度的產生和發展經歷了一個漫長的歷史演變過程,其地位在刑法體系中也日漸重要。它是我國刑罰制度的重要組成部分,也是目前常用的一項法律獎勵措施,其法律作用不可低估。雖然立功制度正不斷走向健全與完善,但依舊存在較多缺陷和瑕疵,理論研究和司法實踐過程中的問題也不少,立功制度的課題研究十分必要。我國刑法確立的立功從寬處罰制度符合我國現實國情,是我國懲辦與寬大相結合刑事政策的制度化和法律化,體現出刑法的人權保障機能。它對於教育和懲罰犯罪、保護國家和社會的利益、實現刑罰一般預防和特殊預防的目的,具有極其重要的意義。國內許多學者對此進行了廣泛的探討,並取得了一些可喜的研究成果,誠然,這對於最終解決上述矛盾是很有益的。筆者試圖聯系實際典型的案例,圍繞立功和立功制度的基本問題,如立功的概念、本質、特徵和類別,立功的成立要件和認定,立功的法律後果,立功制度的歷史演進和意義,以及立功制度的立法缺陷與完善等,進行了初步的探究,並提出了自己的一些淺陋見解,期望能夠為這一課題的研究貢獻綿薄之力

Ⅸ 關於美國國會和美國立法的單詞

國會 Congress
there are attractions to the job, however, first and foremost is power.
incumbents
are indivials who already hold an office.
consititution 憲法
由於不知道你是要什麼、、所以就打這些了。。
由於這學期恰好專在學美國政體 所以就把課本屬上的內容打上來了
。。。要是還有別的問題你再問吧
會盡力幫你找找的

Ⅹ 求關於英國政治制度的英文介紹

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[13] (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain)[14] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country,[15][16] spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland.[17][18] Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.[19] It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of government in London, the capital, but with three devolved national administrations in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. The Channel Island liwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are Crown Dependencies and not part of the UK.[20] The UK has fourteen overseas territories,[21] all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. British influence can continue to be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.

The UK is a developed country, with the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity.[8] It was the world's first instrialised country[22] and the world's foremost power ring the 19th and early 20th centuries,[23] but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless remains a major power with strong economic, cultural, military and political influence. It is a nuclear power and has the fourth highest defence spending in the world. It is a Member State of the European Union, holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, OECD, NATO, and the World Trade Organization
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is head of state of the UK as well as of fifteen other Commonwealth countries, putting the UK in a personal union with those other states. The Crown has sovereignty over the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, which are not part of the United Kingdom though the UK government manages their foreign affairs and defence and the UK Parliament has the authority to legislate on their behalf.

Since the United Kingdom is one of the three countries in the world today that does not have a codified constitution,[37] the Constitution of the United Kingdom consists mostly of written sources, including statutes, judge made case law, and international treaties. As there is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and "constitutional law," the UK Parliament can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Acts of Parliament and thus has the power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.[38]

The UK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system that has been emulated around the world — a legacy of the British Empire. The Parliament of the United Kingdom that meets in the Palace of Westminster has two houses: an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords, and any Bill passed requires Royal Assent to become law. It is the ultimate legislative authority in the United Kingdom since the devolved parliament in Scotland and devolved assemblies in Northern Ireland, and Wales are not sovereign bodies and could be abolished by the UK parliament despite being established following public approval as expressed in referenda.

The Houses of ParliamentThe position of Prime Minister, the UK's head of government, belongs to the Member of Parliament who can obtain the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons, usually the current leader of the largest political party in that chamber. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are formally appointed by the Monarch to form Her Majesty's Government, though the Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet, and by convention HM The Queen respects the Prime Minister's choices. The Cabinet is traditionally drawn from members of the Prime Minister's party in both legislative houses, and mostly from the House of Commons, to which they are responsible. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and Cabinet, all of whom are sworn into Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and become Ministers of the Crown. The Rt Hon Gordon Brown MP, leader of the Labour Party, has been Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service since 27 June 2007.[39]

For elections to the House of Commons, the UK is currently divided into 646 constituencies, with 529 in England, 18 in Northern Ireland, 59 in Scotland and 40 in Wales,[40] though this number will rise to 650 at the next General Election. Each constituency elects one Member of Parliament by simple plurality. General Elections are called by the Monarch when the Prime Minister so advises. Though there is no minimum term for a Parliament, the Parliament Act (1911) requires that a new election must be called within five years of the previous general election.

The UK's three major political parties are the Labour Party, the Conservative Party, and the Liberal Democrats, who won between them 616 out of the 646 seats available in the House of Commons at the 2005 general election. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that only contest elections in one part of the UK such as the Scottish National Party (Scotland only), Plaid Cymru (Wales only), and the Democratic Unionist Party, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Ulster Unionist Party, and Sinn Féin (Northern Ireland only, though Sinn Féin also contests elections in Ireland). In accordance with party policy, no elected Sinn Féin Member of Parliament has ever attended the House of Commons to speak in the House on behalf of their constituents as Members of Parliament are required to take an oath of allegiance to the Monarch.[41]

For elections to the European Parliament, the UK currently has 78 MEPs, elected in 12 multi-member constituencies,[42] though this total will drop to 72 at the 2009 elections. Questions over sovereignty have been brought forward e to the UK's membership of the European Union
The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system e to it being created by the political union of previously independent countries with Article 19 of the Treaty of Union guaranteeing the continued existence of Scotland's separate legal system.[74] Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law. Recent constitutional changes will see a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom come into being in October 2009 that will take on the appeal functions of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords.[75] The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, comprising the same members as the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the UK overseas territories, and the British crown dependencies.
參考資料：維基