法學英語論文

㈠ 法學論文英文摘要翻譯

Forcing employees to work is a serious infringement of personal rights and freedoms of workers， is the ancient barbaric of re-appearance of slavery。It is out of tune with the modern civilized society. In order to combat such acts, almost all countries in the world provise it to a crime , hoping that this harshest measure of peaceful times will work。For instince，in the case of "Shanxi Black Brick Kiln Case" ，which is judicial practice as a focus on China's Criminal Law, "the crime of forced employees to work" had a really natural analysis。And it ought to be constructed that in China's Criminal Law the crime of 「forced employees to work" has a criminal subject, an objective aspect, behavior, objects, providing a narrow, sentencing uniformity and criminal fines。Many other vague and unreasonable discomfort of the Department result in judicial practice of the law which is difficult to be reasonable and applicable。It is difficult to combat and prevent the legislative intent of the act。That』s why the crime of forcing employees to work exerts its utmost to improve the legislation.

㈡ 法律方面的英語論文

The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding errors
1. irrtumslehre
Legal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or misunderstandings. Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or punishment. Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually occurs.
（1）Imaginary innocent treatment principle
The principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately elements. Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:
1）Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have understanding. Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui reason." Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig".
2）Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility theory. Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conct, is considered to be objective stance.
3）That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding illegality. While in China mainland, the introction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already meaningless. Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is harm. Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social consciousness. Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society values.
Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and observe. Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already know. With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are unified. Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately discretion.
（2） Misunderstandings treatment principle. Punishment
We might as well so the essence of blame for his e: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence performance. If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider disclaimer. Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not inexcusable. Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in shake. Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of humanity. In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement actor. The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but intentionally.
2. The fact mistake
That mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong understanding. From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:
（1） Object irrtumslehre
The object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error object. It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime object. The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects different. Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not consistent. Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the crime. For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was wounded. A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the object. Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing together. This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted belongs.
1）Object mistake
Objects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object irrtumslehre. These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre irrtumslehre. In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same situation. This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal responsibility. As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a rap. This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the mistake.
2） Behavior irrtumslehre
Behavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature irrtumslehre. That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary defense. Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect crime. Second, the behavior tools (methods) irrtumslehre. That person to use when the conct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to succeed. And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party and. Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu itself. The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide accomplishment. The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, accomplished. Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of problems.
3)Causality irrtumslehre
Causality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between errors. Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened actor. This generally constitute a crime. Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime accomplishment. Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime accomplishment. In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a crime. In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the sack.
3.Legal irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceres
Domestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:
（1）For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,
（2）The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。
（3）Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency errors.
These ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that：
1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into our.
2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, rece plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory category.
3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to law. Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the mistake. From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often difficult. If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the problem.
In some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to prove. Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to handle. Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is established. From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the law.

㈢ 請問哪裡能找到法學的英文論文十萬火急，萬分感謝！

JASTOR上可能有，在學校圖書館電子資料里
http://..com/question/7467879.html

㈣ 急急急！！法學論文摘要英文翻譯，英語高手進

Abstract
Punitive damages is designed not only to compensate the victim completely but also to punish the offenders and deter them from similar behaviors. But when it is settled in our legal system and social surrounding, the above functions are unimportant and even impossible.
It is not salutary to establish a punitive system in proct liability of our country.
The punished guilty relevant regulations about procing, selling the fake and common procts of the Criminal Law includes both acts which result in proct liability and probably result in proct liability. So other laws have not to and should not punish persons who have these behaviors.
The enterprise who obtains the illegal sales amount that under 50,000 Yuan would be punished by the existing civil compensation system, for its loss which caused by compensating the victim subtracted from its gain is negative. Therefore our country present legal framework repels the punitive function of punitive damages.
Furthermore, by dint of the moral damages in the present civil compensatory system, the function of compensating completely could be performed. Obviously, constructing punitive damages to realize this function is not efficient.
In our country, punitive damages in contract responsibility mainly in the interest of consumer's benefits, but it is not successful. On one hand, because legislators traced the transact course insufficiently, the law can not protect consumer's benefit well; On the other hand, although the original intention of legislation is prevent fraud, it has encouraged another kind of fraud because of the unapt utilization.
In summary, considering our surroundings of law and economy, punitive damages should not build in the systems of proct liability and contract responsibility.

㈤ 法律英語論文的選題怎麼選

法律英語即法律領域使用的英語,我國在處理國際法律事務中,需要藉助法律英語,法律英語不同於其他英語,它需要注重邏輯性、縝密性、專業性,在具體使用過程中有許多注意事項.下面學術堂整理了二十個法律英語論文選題,供大家進行參考:

1、影響法律英語翻譯的因素分析

2、我國法律英語教材編撰與出版探析

3、法律英語的冗餘性及其翻譯策略

4、法律英語術語誤譯

5、淺議法律法規繪本製作對高職旅遊英語專業學生素質能力的培養

6、法律英語文本中的後修飾語歧義分析

7、英語法律語篇中的言語行為研究

8、法律英語教學中的自我效能感研究

9、大陸法系與英美法系的法律差異對法律英語翻譯的影響

10、法律英語教學面臨的問題

11、超學科視野下的法律英語教學研究

12、淺談法律英語的詞彙特徵

13、結合理論淺談法律英語的翻譯

14、法律英語兩個譯名的譯法商榷

15、高校法律英語教學的現狀和對策

16、基於生態翻譯學的法律英語翻譯誤譯研究

17、法律英語中的隱喻研究及其漢譯

18、淺析法律英語翻譯的精確性與模糊性--以法律語言為視角

19、法美學何以為人學--從話語分析角度看法美學與法律英語翻譯的關聯

20、法律英語翻譯中原文風格的再現--UCP600兩個漢譯本的對比研究

㈥ 英國法學論文的寫作方法有哪些

關於英國法學論文的寫作方法，具體如下：
一、法學論文概述
學術論文，也稱學術理論文章。它是指在自然科學或社會科學領域內用來進行科學研究和描述科學研究成果的論文。法學學術論文，是指在法學領域中對某個學術理論問題進行專門的系統的科學研究，並且表述某些研究成果的論文。
(一)法學學術論文，一般說來應當具有如下幾個特點：
1.學術性，即指論文對法學學術理論問題具有科學的論證性;
2.理論性，即指論文運用充分佔有的材料，經過嚴密論證將法學中某個或某幾個問題「升華」到理論高度，從而找出帶規律性的東西的思辯性。
3.創造性，即指論文論述的法學問題「發前人所未發」，探求法學中前人沒有發現的規律或匡正通說的獨創性。
4.專業性，即指法學論文對法學學科中的某個或某幾個專門問題進行研究，並取得一定成果，具有供法學專家、教授、學者研討和交流的專業性。
(二)法學學術論文的主要要求是：
1.所研究和論述的法學問題，觀點正確，對社會主義革命和法制建設有促進作用;
2.能推動法學領域學術理論的研究向前發展;
3.具有學術論文的諸特點;
4.全文觀點與材料統一，層次分明，條理清楚;
5.論證中邏輯嚴密，推理正確;
6.所用的法學語言准確、概括、精煉;
7.文風莊重，就事論理，據理立說，以理創新。
二、法學論文選題
1.能確定研究方向。法學研究發展很快，門類繁多;法學中待研究的題目也不少。選定了某個題目，就確定了法學研究的方向和主攻目標。方向定得准，目標愈集中，寫出來的法學學術論文成功的可能性就愈大。
2.能促進構思活動。法學學術論文寫作是一種精神勞動。法學學術論文的寫作是為獲得法學研究成果而進行勞動的體現。它需要自己圍繞學術論文的題目進行深思熟慮的和絞盡腦汁的構思和論證。選定一個好的法學論文題目，就能促進上述構思活動的深入順利開展。

㈦ 法學 論文英文摘要翻譯！！急急急

[digest] Domestic violence means the violence one party to another between family members in a family, including physical injury, mental damage and sexual violence. Domestic violence is an infringement towards personal right that breaks the law. Because domestic violence usually takes place in a family,the victims are often unable or unwilling to make it public. Further more, the society pays little attention to the domestic violence and the jurisdiction apartments seldom involves in it, all these make domestic violence are more convert, complicated and last for a long time. The reasons of domestic violence exists and becoming more and more are complicated. The traditional and feudal ideology, economic and social system and the victims themselves are all the reasons. Regarding to all of this, the writer emphasises on these problems and expect to lead more attention to focus on the domestic violence in Chinese families.

[key words] domestic violence, reason, solutions

㈧ 法學Essay寫作引用可以使用哪幾種格式

一篇法學essay往往是在大量文獻引用和邏輯分析的基礎上得出研究成果。在美國的法學論文中，單篇論文的引用文獻往往都有上百個，我們甚至可能看到論文的引用部分所佔有的篇幅甚至比正文還多。對於這種近乎瘋狂的引用情懷，也遭到加拿大等其他國家法學家的諷刺（來自渥太華大學法學院優秀畢業生徐的轉述）。然而，無論文獻引用數量多少，我們需要做的基本功了解法學essay寫作中的引用格式和引用規范。下面同學們就跟Meeloun小編一起來看看吧！
引用規范包括兩個要求：一是對於參考借鑒必須註明出處，二是引用形式要統一
一、參考借鑒必須註明出處
在法學essay寫作中，引用的功能主要包括三個方面：（1）幫助讀者識別和調用相關文獻資源：Help readers identify and relocate the source work。（2）證明論文的觀點是經過充分研究得出的；Provide evidence that the position is well-researched。（3）尊重提出原觀點、理論的作者：Give credit to the author of an original concept or theory presented。此外，在閱讀一些論文的時候，我們經常看到一個引用泛化的現象，就是引用沒有體現上述功能。例如，將學界通識引用為個別知名教授的觀點，將一些基本事實、常識引用為個別文章的成果，等等。
二、引用形式要統一
引用形式要統一，是指引用的格式必須按照標准化的要求做到全文統一，並遵循有關要求。在英文論文寫作中，引用的格式有多種參考標准。在Google Scholar檢索中自動生成的Citation形式裡面，就有MLA、APA和GB/T 7714三種可選，其中第三個是中國國家標准化管理委員會發布的國家標准《文後參考文獻著錄規則》，在國內高校的畢業論文引用規范和理工科學術期刊中採用較多。此外，國際標准化組織（ISO）還發布了文獻引用格式的國際標准ISO 690:2010（Information and documentation--Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources），致力於推動文獻引用格式的國際協調一致。文獻引用格式的標准化，有利於促進文獻數據的信息化處理，進而服務於學術影響力評價等諸多方面。
目前，各種類型文獻引用規范都是推薦性的。各個研究機構、學術期刊往往會根據本領域文獻的特徵，選擇其中一種或者自創一種格式作為採用格式。在法學essay引用格式中，以《哈佛法律評論》等為主的期刊聯盟就自行制定了文獻引用體系的藍皮書，也即The Bluebook，該引用格式目前是英文世界法學文獻的主流引用格式。此外，APA、Martin也被諸多法學研究機構和學術期刊採用，故此，本文就分別介紹一下The Bluebook、APA、Martin的基本情況。
1.The Bluebook文獻引用格式
The Bluebook的英文全稱為The Bluebook:A Uniform System of Citation，中文全稱為《藍皮書：統一注釋體系》。在使用過程中，一般直接稱為藍皮書（The Bluebook），它是一本在美國使用最為廣泛的法律引用指南。藍皮書是由《哈佛法律評論》、《哥倫比亞法律評論》、《賓夕法尼亞法律評論》、《耶魯法律評論》的編委會共同參與編寫。藍皮書第一版出版於1926年，現在已經出到了第二十版。藍皮書是美國絕大多數法學院進行引用時參考的指南，也是美國絕大多數聯邦法院使用的引用格式。當然，美國最高法院有自己的引用格式，每個州在自己的法院系統里也只遵守自己制定的引用格式。
The Bluebook全書共計560頁，詳細的列舉了各類文獻的引用形式。在書中，你可以看到中文文獻的英文引用方式，也可以看到同一本文獻的多種引用形式。在每一類文獻的引用規范中，The Bluebook列舉了許多中不同情況、不同形式的引用形式，供讀者自己選擇。例如，對於著作，他列舉了一個作者、兩個作者、三個作者以上的不同引用形式，同時對於一個作者的著作又列舉了不同引用形式，供讀者自行選擇適用。在期刊論文、電子文獻等其他各類資源下，也盡可能窮盡各種形式進行舉例說明。
The Bluebook的詳盡引用規范，一方面得到大網路全書的贊譽，另外也因為其過於繁雜而飽受了許多批評。例如，芝加哥大學直接將藍皮書簡化改版為Maroonbook，以增加適用的便利性。總而言之，The Bluebook是法學論文寫作的必備書，但是並不需要使用者全文閱讀，而僅僅是在需要使用的時候查看。尤其對於其他引用規范沒有提到的偏門文獻，The Bluebook往往也可以讓你查到其引用形式。
The Bluebook雖然是必備必備工具書，但是其並未免費向社會提供，使用者必須用真金實銀去購買方可獲得。在The Bluebook發行的最初50年，該書的版權收益一直由《哈佛法律評論》100%佔有，《哥倫比亞法律評論》、《賓夕法尼亞法律評論》、《耶魯法律評論》到1974年時才意識到這一問題。最終經過爭論，《哈佛法律評論》分享40%收益，另外三家各分享20%的收益，《哈佛法律評論》負責生產和銷售。另外，記得在中國政法大學中歐法學院的課程中，講授Legal Research and Writing的美國教授曾經專門向TheBluebook版權方詢問，是否可以授權免費復印40餘本用於教學。The Bluebook的版權方明確回答，必須付費方可使用，最後由學校付費才取得復印數十本的權利。在Amazon，目前第20版的The Bluebook售價32美元左右。The Bluebook的電子版在網上無法免費獲得。對於其他途徑獲取電子版或復印版，各位可以根據著作權法的合理使用規則自行處理。
2.APA文獻引用格式
APA格式英文全稱為Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association，即《美國心理協會刊物准則》。它是美國心理協會（American Psychological Association）出版的，在包括法學在內的各個社會科學領域內廣泛採用的文獻引用規范。APA格式起源於1929年，當時只有7頁，被刊登在《心理學期刊（Psychological Bulletin）》。目前，APA已出版至第六版（ISBN 9781433805615），總頁數272頁。
在APA格式中，引注沒有The Bluebook那麼復雜，其採用的引用格式也比較容易被讀者記下和掌握。但是，APA對於法學論文中常見的案例引用等特殊情況，沒有作出說明，由此導致採用APA格式的法學論文都需要再配合The Bluebook使用。
為了對APA格式有直觀了解，舉例如下：
紙質著作：Finney,J.(1970).Time and again.New York,NY:Simon andSchuster.
紙質期刊論文：Nevin,A.(1990).The changing of teacher ecation special ecation.Teacher Ecation and Special Ecation:The Journal of the Teacher Ecation Division of the Council for Exceptional Children,13(3-4),147-148
APA的第6版還特別新增了Kindle電子版圖書的引用規范，例如：Eggers,D.(2008).The circle[KindleVersion].
APA格式也是受到著作權保護的作品，其售價為15美元左右。同時，在Google上可以檢索到該書第6版的電子版。
3.Martin文獻引用格式
Martin格式的英文全名是Introction to Basic Legal Citation，即《基本法律引用指引》。它是由康奈爾大學法學院前院長Peter W.Martin教授創作完成。Martin格式最初誕生於1993年，在2016年做了最新修訂，共計500頁。該格式比The Bluebook簡單易懂，同時還補充了APA格式對於法學論文引用的不足。此外，Martin格式的由作者通過互聯網免費向社會公開使用，可以不受紙質版出版周期限制而作出及時的修訂。
在Martin格式的第一章，其全面總結了主要的文獻引用形式，並做了詳細的講解。因此，對於初學者來說，直接看Martin格式的第一章就可以比較全面的掌握英文文獻引用的基本技巧。
總結
各類引用格式規范提供了多種參考格式，在沒有其他要求的情況下，同學們只需要保障文中前後一致即可。此外，上述英文引用格式是寫作英文論文所需要掌握和運用的。希望同學們都能掌握以上的法學essay的引用格式哦！回答來源於Meeloun，原文鏈接

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