呼吁立法英文

Ⅰ 网络安全呼吁立法

为了保证因特网空间和使用者的安全，抵御无孔不入黑客的袭击，保护重要机构的网站，八国集团26日在柏林召开会议，专门讨论如何提高网络安全的水平和防范网上犯罪的问题。

这次会议聚集了来自八国集团各成员国的一百多名计算机和网络专家。在会议上，专家们指出，目前的网络已对各国的国民生活造成了不小的影响。据统计，八国集团各成员国每年因网络犯罪造成的损失多达420亿美元，网络安全问题已经不容忽视。

在会议上，各国专家呼吁说，为了打击网络犯罪，需要各国政府协调行动，一起制定打击网上犯罪的有关法律。因特网空间是无国界的，网上黑客可以通过网络在世界各地通行无阻，仅仅依靠一个国家的力量无法有效地制止网络犯罪行为。但是，如果在每个国家打击网络犯罪都有法可依，对于防范网络犯罪会有很大帮助。各国政府应该专门成立一个负责网络安全的职能机构，既能减轻目前司法部门的负担，又能使打击网络犯罪更为有效和专业化，还可以加强各国之间在这一问题上的合作。

专家们在会议上还指出，在制订相关的法律法规的时候，应该考虑到所有因特网用户的需要。对于个人用户来说，网络安全问题的概念主要是如何避开网上各种骗局，避免遭到欺诈和盗用；对于网上商家，网络安全主要是保证客户和公司的金融安全；而对于政府和各个机构来说，网络安全则主要是如何保护自己的网站免遭黑客的袭击。而鉴于网络的公开性和特殊性，各国在制订法律时还需要在打击犯罪和保护网络用户的隐私权之间寻求一个平衡点。

同一天，德国总理施罗德和内政部长奥托·席利出席了在另一城市汉诺威举行的一个计算机研讨会。施罗德在会上表示，网络犯罪是一个全球性的问题，打击网络犯罪需要全球各国的合作。只有向用户提供安全的因特网服务，才能使人们对网络树立信心，促进电子商务和网络经济的发展。席利表示，为了使各国在打击网络犯罪问题上取得一致，各国政府需要达成一个合理的对网络犯罪的认同标准，确定什么样的行为属于网络犯罪，然后对这些行为予以打击。

显然，随着因特网对人们生活的影响越来越深远，网络犯罪问题也日益受人关注。但也有专家指出，打击网络犯罪比打击常规犯罪更为复杂，更加艰难。由于世界各国在政治体制、意识形态、法律制度和价值观念上的千差万别，要达到一个统一的网络安全标准将是一件十分艰难的工作。在因特网上什么是对的？什么是错的？这个问题恐怕还将在今后许多年里困扰各国的法律专家

Ⅱ 瞌睡吧的呼吁为打盹立法

尽管法国“睡神”健康组织一直在宣传打盹的好处，比如：“人体的生物钟天生就被调节成需要打盹的模式”，“在上班间隙小睡利大于弊”等，但还是有一些法国人担心打盹会错过重要商机、耽误工作而不敢睡。有的公司领导则害怕批准职工打盹会混淆工作和休息的界限，为计算工作时间增添麻烦。最近2000名法国青年通过在露天广场集体打盹的行为艺术来呼吁人们关注上班打盹的重要性，他们的口号是“大家快抓紧，停下工作打个盹”，希望能够凭此将上班打盹正式提交给国会决议，并最终写入法国《劳动法》。▲

Ⅲ Citizen's initiative怎么翻译，就是关于立法的好像，是关于投票环节的，不知道是什

Citizen's initiative
公民的动议权
（由公民参与的倡议，对立法产生影响，使法律体现民意。）

Ⅳ 百姓如何才能呼吁国家立法

百姓呼吁国家立法的渠道很多，包括但不限于如下：一是通过每年的两会人大代表收集意见、准备提案来反映、呼吁；二是通过村委会居委会等基层组织逐级向上反映、呼吁；三是直接向全国人大常务会议的专门立法委员会反映、呼吁。

Ⅳ 噪声污染 呼吁立法 中国人民把你们受坏出租车司机的气 写上来 呼吁立法

楼主，噪声污染防治法早就存在！你可以网络一下。如果你找不到我可以传给你电子文本。

Ⅵ 全身瘫痪的女儿呼吁国家对an le si 尽快立法，我该怎么办啊

1.立法不是一句话就能办成的事情。
2.安乐死是违法，但是现实中都判缓刑
3.不知道停止治疗是不是可以加快。。。可能说的容易坐不下手

Ⅶ 呼吁立法，难道不满14岁就可以为所欲为了吗

立法是没有用的
法律的生命在于实施

Ⅷ 求一篇关于刑法立功的中英文对比文章，要求要有参考文献之类的，跪求

我国立功制度的产生和发展经历了一个漫长的历史演变过程,其地位在刑法体系中也日渐重要。它是我国刑罚制度的重要组成部分,也是目前常用的一项法律奖励措施,其法律作用不可低估。虽然立功制度正不断走向健全与完善,但依旧存在较多缺陷和瑕疵,理论研究和司法实践过程中的问题也不少,立功制度的课题研究十分必要。我国刑法确立的立功从宽处罚制度符合我国现实国情,是我国惩办与宽大相结合刑事政策的制度化和法律化,体现出刑法的人权保障机能。它对于教育和惩罚犯罪、保护国家和社会的利益、实现刑罚一般预防和特殊预防的目的,具有极其重要的意义。国内许多学者对此进行了广泛的探讨,并取得了一些可喜的研究成果,诚然,这对于最终解决上述矛盾是很有益的。笔者试图联系实际典型的案例,围绕立功和立功制度的基本问题,如立功的概念、本质、特征和类别,立功的成立要件和认定,立功的法律后果,立功制度的历史演进和意义,以及立功制度的立法缺陷与完善等,进行了初步的探究,并提出了自己的一些浅陋见解,期望能够为这一课题的研究贡献绵薄之力

Ⅸ 关于美国国会和美国立法的单词

国会 Congress
there are attractions to the job, however, first and foremost is power.
incumbents
are indivials who already hold an office.
consititution 宪法
由于不知道你是要什么、、所以就打这些了。。
由于这学期恰好专在学美国政体 所以就把课本属上的内容打上来了
。。。要是还有别的问题你再问吧
会尽力帮你找找的

Ⅹ 求关于英国政治制度的英文介绍

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[13] (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain)[14] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country,[15][16] spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland.[17][18] Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.[19] It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of government in London, the capital, but with three devolved national administrations in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. The Channel Island liwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are Crown Dependencies and not part of the UK.[20] The UK has fourteen overseas territories,[21] all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. British influence can continue to be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.

The UK is a developed country, with the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity.[8] It was the world's first instrialised country[22] and the world's foremost power ring the 19th and early 20th centuries,[23] but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless remains a major power with strong economic, cultural, military and political influence. It is a nuclear power and has the fourth highest defence spending in the world. It is a Member State of the European Union, holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, OECD, NATO, and the World Trade Organization
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is head of state of the UK as well as of fifteen other Commonwealth countries, putting the UK in a personal union with those other states. The Crown has sovereignty over the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, which are not part of the United Kingdom though the UK government manages their foreign affairs and defence and the UK Parliament has the authority to legislate on their behalf.

Since the United Kingdom is one of the three countries in the world today that does not have a codified constitution,[37] the Constitution of the United Kingdom consists mostly of written sources, including statutes, judge made case law, and international treaties. As there is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and "constitutional law," the UK Parliament can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Acts of Parliament and thus has the power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.[38]

The UK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system that has been emulated around the world — a legacy of the British Empire. The Parliament of the United Kingdom that meets in the Palace of Westminster has two houses: an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords, and any Bill passed requires Royal Assent to become law. It is the ultimate legislative authority in the United Kingdom since the devolved parliament in Scotland and devolved assemblies in Northern Ireland, and Wales are not sovereign bodies and could be abolished by the UK parliament despite being established following public approval as expressed in referenda.

The Houses of ParliamentThe position of Prime Minister, the UK's head of government, belongs to the Member of Parliament who can obtain the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons, usually the current leader of the largest political party in that chamber. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are formally appointed by the Monarch to form Her Majesty's Government, though the Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet, and by convention HM The Queen respects the Prime Minister's choices. The Cabinet is traditionally drawn from members of the Prime Minister's party in both legislative houses, and mostly from the House of Commons, to which they are responsible. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and Cabinet, all of whom are sworn into Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and become Ministers of the Crown. The Rt Hon Gordon Brown MP, leader of the Labour Party, has been Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service since 27 June 2007.[39]

For elections to the House of Commons, the UK is currently divided into 646 constituencies, with 529 in England, 18 in Northern Ireland, 59 in Scotland and 40 in Wales,[40] though this number will rise to 650 at the next General Election. Each constituency elects one Member of Parliament by simple plurality. General Elections are called by the Monarch when the Prime Minister so advises. Though there is no minimum term for a Parliament, the Parliament Act (1911) requires that a new election must be called within five years of the previous general election.

The UK's three major political parties are the Labour Party, the Conservative Party, and the Liberal Democrats, who won between them 616 out of the 646 seats available in the House of Commons at the 2005 general election. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that only contest elections in one part of the UK such as the Scottish National Party (Scotland only), Plaid Cymru (Wales only), and the Democratic Unionist Party, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Ulster Unionist Party, and Sinn Féin (Northern Ireland only, though Sinn Féin also contests elections in Ireland). In accordance with party policy, no elected Sinn Féin Member of Parliament has ever attended the House of Commons to speak in the House on behalf of their constituents as Members of Parliament are required to take an oath of allegiance to the Monarch.[41]

For elections to the European Parliament, the UK currently has 78 MEPs, elected in 12 multi-member constituencies,[42] though this total will drop to 72 at the 2009 elections. Questions over sovereignty have been brought forward e to the UK's membership of the European Union
The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system e to it being created by the political union of previously independent countries with Article 19 of the Treaty of Union guaranteeing the continued existence of Scotland's separate legal system.[74] Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law. Recent constitutional changes will see a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom come into being in October 2009 that will take on the appeal functions of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords.[75] The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, comprising the same members as the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the UK overseas territories, and the British crown dependencies.
参考资料：维基