美国刑法典
① 美国现行刑法典是哪一年的
1979
② 美国模范刑法典中文内容
这个。。。。肯定没有人回答
③ 美国的法律体制是什么
1)美国法律的发展
美国法来源于英国法,又根据美国政治、经济和文化特点作了较多的改变。美国建国初期就制定了成文的联邦宪法,但联邦和各州都自成法律体系。美国法律制度的发展大约经过了四个时期:殖民地时期的美国法;独立战争后的美国法;南北战争后的美国法;现代美国法。
2)美国法律的性质
它是英美法系的代表,拥有英美法系以英国为中心、以英国普通法为基础;以判例法为主;变革相对缓慢,具有保守性法律发展中法官作用突出;体系庞杂缺乏系统;注重程序的诉讼主义等共同的特点,同时也拥有自身的特点。
3)美国法律的特点
美国建国初期就制定了成文的联邦宪法,但联邦和各州都自成法律体系。联邦除在国防、外交、财经政策、国际贸易和州际商业等方面外,无统一的立法权;刑事和民商事方面的立法权基本上属于各州。尽管官方和非官方机构提出过不少供各州立法参考的模范法典草案,但各州采纳程度不一。路易斯安那州原为法国属地,保留了法国法传统;西南部各州的亲属法则具有法国法和西班牙法的色彩。
4)我个人理解的美国法律的优点
首先是强调程序正义,这保证了法律的公正性和不至于被滥用;
其次是判例制度和成文法结合,具有广泛适用性,不容易被钻了条文的漏洞,也不容易导致权力寻租;
其三是强调人文关怀和教育性,让普通人,尤其是弱势群体有真正被视作“人”而不是被圈养的畜牲。人道主义源于本来是残酷为本质的“专政”工具法律,确实让人有点敬仰;
其四是公民陪审团制度,保证了法律不会成为某个统治阶层的专有工具,一定程度上保证了社会正义的可能性。
④ 美国不是判例法吗那么模范刑法典是怎么回事还有每个州怎么会有自己的法律
英美法系属于判例法系国家,但并不是说他们的法律都是判例,而是指他们的法律来自判例,最后从判例中总结出一些原则然后写成法律条文。
⑤ 求助:美国任意一州刑法典英汉对应版(关于某罪的系列条文即可)
提供翻译就没办法了。因为内容实在太多了。
自己找个翻译网站翻译吧。
以下是由Buffalo Criminal Law Center搜索到的纽约的刑法。关于重罪谋杀的内容。
NEW YORK PENAL LAW
Felony Murder
I. Statutes
Section 120.05 Assault in the second degree
A person is guilty of assault in the second degree when:
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6. In the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempted commission of a felony, other than a felony defined in article one hundred thirty which requires corroboration for conviction, or of immediate flight therefrom, he, or another participant if there be any, causes physical injury to a person other than one of the participants; . . .
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Section 120.10 Assault in the first degree
A person is guilty of assault in the first degree when:
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4. In the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempted commission of a felony or of immediate flight therefrom, he, or another participant if there be any, causes serious physical injury to a person other than one of the participants.
Section 125.25 Murder in the second degree
A person is guilty of murder in the second degree when:
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2. Under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conct which creates a grave risk of death to another person, and thereby causes the death of another person; or
3. Acting either alone or with one or more other persons, he commits or attempts to commit robbery, burglary, kidnapping, arson, rape in the first degree, sodomy in the first degree, sexual abuse in the first degree, aggravated sexual abuse, escape in the first degree, or escape in the second degree, and, in the course of and in furtherance of such crime or of immediate flight therefrom, he, or another participant, if there be any, causes the death of a person other than one of the participants; except that in any prosecution under this subdivision, in which the defendant was not the only participant in the underlying crime, it is an affirmative defense that the defendant:
(a) Did not commit the homicidal act or in any way solicit, request, command, importune, cause or aid the commission thereof; and
(b) Was not armed with a deadly weapon, or any instrument, article or substance readily capable of causing death or serious physical injury and of a sort not ordinarily carried in public places by law-abiding persons; and
(c) Had no reasonable ground to believe that any other participant was armed with such a weapon, instrument, article or substance; and
(d) Had no reasonable ground to believe that any other participant intended to engage in conct likely to result in death or serious physical injury; . . .
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Section 125.27 Murder in the first degree
A person is guilty of murder in the first degree when:
1. With intent to cause the death of another person, he causes the death of such person or of a third person; and
(a) Either:
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(vii) the victim was killed while the defendant was in the course of committing or attempting to commit and in furtherance of robbery, burglary in the first degree or second degree, kidnapping in the first degree, arson in the first degree or second degree, rape in the first degree, sodomy in the first degree, sexual abuse in the first degree, aggravated sexual abuse in the first degree or escape in the first degree, or in the course of and furtherance of immediate flight after committing or attempting to commit any such crime or in the course of and furtherance of immediate flight after attempting to commit the crime of murder in the second degree; provided however, the victim is not a participant in one of the aforementioned crimes and, provided further that, unless the defendant's criminal liability under this subparagraph is based upon the defendant having commanded another person to cause the death of the victim or intended victim pursuant to section 20.00 of this chapter, this subparagraph shall not apply where the defendant's criminal liability is based upon the conct of another pursuant to section 20.00 of this chapter; or
(viii) as part of the same criminal transaction, the defendant, with intent to cause serious physical injury to or the death of an additional person or persons, causes the death of an additional person or persons; provided, however, the victim is not a participant in the criminal transaction; . . .
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⑥ 求美国联邦刑法条文
美国刑法虽源于英国普通法,但更倾向于通过立法规定犯罪和刑罚。版美国近现代除了联邦权和州的刑事立法之外,美国曾沿用英国普通法的犯罪分类。现在联邦和各州刑法典一般把犯罪分为重罪和轻罪两大类,有的还依据《模范刑法典》附加次轻罪、违警罪等分类。美国除按“等”对犯罪分类外,还对“等”分“级”,各州的划分也不统一。美国接受犯意的概念。现代英美刑法只考虑犯意,而不考虑动机。但不同的犯罪对犯意有不同的要求。美国的刑罚有死刑、监禁、缓刑、监禁与缓刑混合刑、赔偿损失、公众服务和罚金。美国的死刑从19世纪中叶开始在一些州被废除,20世纪有更多的州废除死刑。但后来有一些州恢复了死刑。1976年联邦最高法院认为保留死刑是完全必要的。对于死刑的执行方法,美国各州规定不同,有电椅、煤气室、注射、绞刑、枪决等方式。
⑦ 当代美国刑法要求对一项罪行的每个构成要件都必须要有明确的规定
美国刑法中一个根深蒂固的原则是,无应受处罚的行为或无应受责备的行为不能承版担刑事责任。根据《权刑法范典》,应受处罚行为有时指犯罪“心理状态”(mens rea,拉丁文原意为„犯罪意图‟)须由意图、认知、鲁莽或不行为的表现来证实。所有这些在《法典》中都有精确的定义。除了轻罪和某些违反管制条例的罪行外,该《法典》要求对一项罪行的每个构成因素(行为、伴随情况和结果)都必须有一个明定的罪行表现。
刑法典设立了构成刑法的诸项禁律 - 对个人的犯罪(如谋杀和强奸);对财产的犯罪(如偷窃和纵火);对公共秩序的犯罪(如危害治安的行为和暴乱);对家庭的犯罪(如重婚和乱伦);和对公共行政的犯罪(如行贿和做伪证)。
⑧ 美国模范刑法典中规定一级,二级,三级重罪分别判刑多少年 谢谢
美国的法律貌似是每罪必罚,不像中国法律超过一定程度就是无期或死刑了,所以你会看到很多美国的犯人被判几百年甚至上千年的刑
凡犯一级谋杀罪者,应由陪审团裁决,分别处以死刑或无期徒刑。一级谋杀罪,包括预谋杀人,由于过失至多数人死亡,以及在犯其他重罪(如纵火罪、强奸罪、抢劫罪、夜盗罪及掳人罪)过程中杀人的情况。宾夕法尼亚州刑法规定,
纽约州法律规定,犯二级谋杀罪者,应处20年以上有期徒刑或无期徒刑。二级谋杀罪包括一级谋杀罪以外的其他情况的杀人罪,如行为人并无预谋,又非犯罪过程中杀人,而是临时起意杀人的,或从其使用的工具、杀伤的部位和用力的大小,推定有杀人故意,或其他非造成多数人死亡的过失杀人,以及意图重伤而结果致人死亡者等。
美国的重罪包括谋杀、强奸、恐怖主义行动这类的。
各州有不同的规定。大体上美国联邦和大多数州都是以1年为分界线。少于1年的刑罚为轻罪,多于1年的为重罪。1962年的《模范刑法典》将犯罪分为重罪(felony)、轻罪(misdemeanor)、微罪(petty crime)和违警罪(violation/infraction)四种。其中重罪又分为一级重罪、二级重罪、三级重罪,一级最重、三级最轻。重罪、轻罪的划分对实体法和程序法都有着重要意义。如盗窃行为,情节严重,处1年以上,即为重罪;情节轻微,处1年以下,即为轻罪。